Hey, there is a tank sticking up out of the street

panther street turret

Starting in the 1944 Italian campaign, the Allies started to increasingly bump into German Panther turrets mounted on top of buried concrete bunkers, rather than atop tanks, for which they were increasingly running short of fuel.

It actually wasn’t a new idea, as the French had used scores of old FT-17 and newer Char turrets on the Maginot wall and other places.

Abandoned French fortification on the French-German border, May 1940 tank turret

Abandoned French fortification on the French-German border, May 1940

German captured Matilda tank that had been captured and concreted into position to be used as part of the defences of Halfaya Pass, 16 March 1942. A Valentine tank passes by in the background. (IWM E 9320

Germans used this captured Matilda tank and concreted into position, used as part of the defenses of Halfaya Pass, 16 March 1942. A British Valentine tank passes by in the background. (IWM E 9320)

These instant defensive fortifications were usually sited to cover choke points, and being low to the ground was difficult to spot or knock out.

German sentry stands next to the turret of a French tank, repurposed as a fortification on the Atlantic Wall, France, May 1943

U.S. Navy sailor examines a German 20-mm tank turret “pillbox” near one of the Dragoon invasion beaches in the South of France, 18 August 1944. The turret is from a PzKpfw II light tank and includes a 2 cm KwK 30 L/55 gun. As the tanks were obsolete by 1942, their turrets were increasingly utilized on the Atlantic Wall. (80-G-K-1942).

Panther turrets used a fixed artillery positions during the battle of Berlin

The buried concrete bunkers include a generator for power, large supplies of ammunition – much more than a tank could carry – and protected living quarters for the abbreviated turret crew.

Panther turrets used a fixed artillery positions during the battle of Berlin

Panther turrets used as a fixed artillery position during the battle of Berlin

panther turrets Panther turrets used a fixed artillery positions during the battle of Berlin b

panther2

21 – 22 May 1944, east of Piedimonte, Italy. Gefreiter Herbert Fries from 2nd Kompanie / Fallsch. Pz.-Jäger-Abt.1 in a Pantherturm, reportedly destroyed 17 allied tanks.

The Japanese were also users of the concept in WWII, especially in remote garrisons where gasoline was hard to get after 1942 and a dug-in tank could still be a “muzukashi” hardpoint.

Japanese Type 95 Ha-Go tank dug in as a strongpoint on the island of Kiska in August 1943, a classic turret fortification. Whether the guns were removed by the Japanese when they evacuated the island or U.S./Canadian forces removed them after is unknown.

These concepts outlasted the War, especially in Eastern Europe.

t1ug6

Soviet IS2 turret placed

Soviet IS2 turret placed

Austrian

Austrian

M48 on Golan Wall

M48 on Golan Wall

The Finns even bought 56 surplus T-55 tank turrets (just the turrets, which left the Soviets scratching their heads) in the late 1960s in what was likely the last use of such an idea. They placed them, coated with an asbestos-cork mixture to prevent moisture, along their craggy seacoast as the 100 56 TK (“100 mm, 56 length caliber, turret gun”) system, which was operational as late as 2012. These were arranged in 14 “sea fortresses,” each one equipped with 4 such turrets, linked by a central command and control and spotting system.

100 56 TK coastal artillery gun in Kuivasaari island. This gun is a modified T-55 turret used as coastal artillery

And of course, they were used extensively in the Middle East:

Captured Jordanian or Iraqi T-34-85 was turned into a pillbox in a settlement in Jordan Valley 6 Days War 1967 Jordan Valley, West Bank, Israel via DimaWa photo

One of the most enduring and best-preserved turret fortifications is found at the St.Aubins Fort in the Channel Island Military Museum, a repurposed French S 35 47mm tank turret.

The go-to book for more information on these (even covering Albanian and Bulgarian cold war panzer and T-34 turrets) is Neil Shorts’s aptly named Tank Turret Fortifications.

I certainly have thumbed through my own copy several times.

One comment

  • Elizabeth Gordon

    Mr. Eger- Looking to see if you have the rights for an image of Lt. Billie Walkabout for an exhibition at the National Museum of the American Indian

Leave a Reply

Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in:

WordPress.com Logo

You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Log Out /  Change )

Facebook photo

You are commenting using your Facebook account. Log Out /  Change )

Connecting to %s

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.