Tag Archives: danish resistance

Maskinpistolen!

From the collection of the Danish Resistance Museum comes this amazing poster made just after the post-WWII Liberation.

Translation:

“The machine gun: Making STEN-Gun. The working drawings are exported and sent to several companies that each performed their part. Only 5 trusted men knew and worked at the ASSEMBLY SITE!!”

At least three Danish resistance groups (Ringen, BOPA, and Holder-Danske) were known to have manufactured Sten locally, with each giving the gun its own little tweaks, largely due to the materials available. Plumbers and bicycle shop owners proved particularly adept.

Making Holger Danske STEN guns Denmark Danish FHM-286695

Danish underground STEN workshop on Niels Finsens Allé in Søborg FHM-182982

Danish sten making workshop on Niels Finsens Allé, Søborg FHM-182978

Danish STEN BOPA’s workshop on Kongevejen in Holte FHM-182895

Danish homemade STEN BOPA workshop in Holte FHM-182924

They had a wild collection of differences, with each group setting up a thriving cottage industry, in many cases only dependent on the magazines (originals dropped from England or Suomi magazines smuggled from Sweden).

As detailed by the SADJ:

There were several variations of the Sten made by the different resistance organizations, of available materials. Producing barrels was a problem, largely solved by boring and re-rifling old rifle barrels. One Danish Sten copy was designed to use Suomi magazines. The Ringen Sten was a Danish design produced in small workshops using a number of aluminum castings.

Danish Resistance Sten Gun (Ringen type); butt, trigger housing and magazine housing are of aluminum alloy construction; lacks magazine. Height 195 mm., Length 910 mm., Width 100 mm. IWM (FIR 6156)

Same as above

Suomi quad mag Danish STEN Tøjhusmuseet in Copenhagen

Homemade Danish Sten in Freedom Museum FHM-261175

Danish Freedom Museum STEN collection FHM-316233

Danish homemade STEN coat gun FHM-153217

Danish homemade STEN. Note it is set up to accept an over-barrel suppressor. FHM-286723

Of course, there were some weapons dropped to the Danes via the efforts of the SOE and Free Danish forces in London.

Danish Resistance members process an SOE para-dropped weapon container at Søholt (Røgbølle Sø) on Lolland in March 1945. The picture was taken by the light from the headlights of the truck brought along. Note the M1 Carbines. FHM-200342 and 200349

Danish resistance STEN guns dropped via canister. Also note Mills bombs, explosives, and detonators. 

The assorted Danish Resistance groups counted some 90,110 members during the war, and while most of these were involved in passive resistance and intelligence gathering, they were very active when it came to rubbing out collaborators and informers, with Likvidering (liquidation) units assassinated upwards of 400 alone in 1943-1944 ala Flame & Citron.

The Resistance also helped spirit over 7,000 Danish Jews out of the country to nearby Sweden, helped hide Danish police and military personnel, ratline downed Allied aircrews back to Freedom, and kept British intelligence very well informed of German movements.

It was only after August 1944 (!) that the British SOE began dropping weapons to the Danes, totaling just 600 tons of munitions and supplies by March 1945, and followed that up with 53 SOE agents.

And when the order to take back the country came in May 1945, most areas of Denmark were self-liberated. The now in the open Resistance, wearing identification armbands, typically met the British as they arrived, the situation already in hand and, in many cases, the local German garrisons isolated and waiting to hand over their guns.

Danish Resistance, 1945, World War II sten mausers k98 m1 carbine stg44

Danish Freedom fighters in Vejle May 1945 STEN FHM-238868

Danish STEN guns at the Liberation

Danish STEN resistance Godthåbsvej, in Frederiksberg 1945 FHM-244069

Danish STEN resistance Godthåbsvej, in Frederiksberg 1945 FHM-244064

At least 850 members of the Danish Resistance would perish in the war, with 102 of those executed.

However, no one doubts that a few STENs haven’t been set back for a rainy day in Danish communities. They often show up at police stations, are found in attics, and handed quietly down with grandpa’s old things.

Turned in to a Danish police station in 2024: Mausers, Berthiers, STENs and a MP40

You never know what is in those Danish cookie tins

When I was a little kid, my Nana, who hailed from Central Europe and never really gave up the accent among other things, used to have a love of Danish cookies. The kind that come in the little tin. Well, whenever I visited I would love to run across one of these said tins and pluck out a tasty morsel.

– Only to find they were, more often than not, filled with knickknacks, sewing supplies, or other odds and ends of grandmadom.

Well, in Denmark, it seems that you never really knew what was in gran’s attic, closet, or basement. Maybe gran’s family was in the Resistance back in the day…and kept some of the goodies just in case.

The South Jutland Police posted images to social media last week of some 25 weapons and 100 grenades turned in as part of a reprieve for those with illegal or unregistered arms, many of which may have a connection to Danish history.

Occupied by Germany during World War II, Denmark was home to a well-organized network of underground resistance units, often equipped by the Allies through the OSS and SOE. Among the weapons brought down from attics and up from under floorboards last month were STEN submachine guns, an anti-tank rocket launcher, a BREN light machine gun, and various bolt-action rifles including German Mausers.

What a cookie assortment!

Check out more in my column at Guns.com.

And don’t get too exited on that next tin of cookies.

Related: Freddie Oversteegen was 14 years old when a gentleman visited her family home in the Netherlands to ask her mother if she’d allow her daughters to join the resistance.

 

 

Sometimes you have to break a few eggs

Bjorn Sibbern was born May 18, 1916 in Soro, Denmark and by 1940 was a Danish police officer. When the Germans invaded he remained at his day job– which he as a cover to investigate those suspected of being Nazi informers– while at night he helped manufacture false papers for the underground.

And he also liked scrapbooking.

Bjorn Sibbern danish cop and underground welrod used to assasinate ID card of a female member of the Danish Nazi party photo via holocuast museum

As noted by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum about this page from his scrapbook donated to the museum:

The Danish police played a major role in support of the Danish resistance movement, and some documents relate directly to Mr. Sibbern’s work in the underground. He was in charge of the printing and issuance of false identification cards. There are several examples in the scrapbooks. The albums contain both real and forged cards as well as his forgery stamps. The scrapbooks also contain leaflets dropped over Denmark of Nazi propaganda, anti-Nazi cartoons and photographs of German officials, Danish collaborators, sabotage and demonstrations. Every page is fully annotated in English.

Pictured is a British Welrod, which Sibbern explains was used by Resistance “Liquidation” groups for rubbing out informers and high value targets. Chambered for .32ACP (7.65x17mm), the same caliber as many popular Italian, German, and Japanese pistols, the gun was stated to be able to fire a 72-grain Kynoch leadhead at 920fps.

The firearm developed by the SOE was not a traditional pistol fitted to a silencer—it was a pistol built around a silencer. To keep gas from escaping from a cylinder like on a revolver or a cycling action like on a semi-automatic, the Welrod was bolt action. The simple and effective bolt action could be worked rapidly for a follow-up shot if needed, and doubled as a safety device. The integral suppressor built around the barrel was made up of 12 thin metal washer baffles separated in groups by three leather wipes.

The baffles would start to deteriorate with use and typically was no longer suppressed after about 15-20 rounds, though could still be used as a rather funky pistol. The nose cap of the suppressor was hollowed out to allow it to be pressed into an intended target without undue back blast. The magazine itself, encased in a rubber sleeve like a bicycle handle, formed the pistol grip. With few moving parts, it could be broken down and stored in pieces that did not resemble a firearm. In fact when disassembled it rather looks like a bicycle pump, of which thousands were in common use in occupied Europe.

It was made in two varieties, the MkI and MkII.

“This pistol, only 11.5-inches long, gave off less noise than a pop-gun and was well-suited for ‘attic executions'” notes Sibbern.

Not your typical scrapbook.