Portugal’s sub force getting it done
The modern Tridente-class submarine, a unique fuel cell AIP variant of the German Type 209PN/Type 214PN, has been in operation since 2010 with the Portuguese Navy. While three were envisioned, just two were completed– NRP Tridente (S160) and NRP Arpão (S161).
Tridente-class submarine of the Portuguese navy
The country has made good use of these in recent deployments and in bird-dogging passing Russian warships. Speaking to the former, Arpão in August wrapped up a 120-day patrol as part of the Open Sea Initiative 23.2, in the South Atlantic, which contributed to strengthening military and diplomatic relations between Portugal and each of the countries visited — Cape Verde, Brazil, South Africa, Angola, and Morocco– having traveled more than 13,000 miles and spent over 2,500 hours underway.
She reportedly covered the length of the African continent submerged in 15 days.
Arpão (FrigCapt. Taveira Pinto) arrived in Lisbon in August after her deployment which made her the first Portuguese submarine to carry out an equator-crossing mission.
Interestingly, her 35-member crew is co-ed.
You have to love Arpão’s patch. Of note, Arpão means “Harpoon”
Turning around just 60 days later, Arpão has deployed again, this time to the Med as part of NATO’s Operation Sea Guardian, on a patrol that will run into December and include taking part in Dynamic Mariner 23.
She is a good-looking boat for sure.
Portuguese Sub Heritage
As noted in this week’s Warship Wednesday, in 1914 Portugal had a single submarine to its name, a small Fiat-designed La Spezia-built boat, dubbed Espadarte (Swordfish). Ordered in 1910, this 148-foot/300-ton diesel-electric boat would remain in service until 1930.
Espadarte, seen here in Lisbon, was the first sub in the Marinha Portuguesa)
NRP Espadarte, the first Portuguese submarine delivered to the Navy, on April 15, 1913
She was very active, if nothing else providing an OPFOR for the fleet.
ASW training between destroyer NRP Guadiana and submarine NRP Espadarte Portugal 1915
To replace their well-worn little Italian boat and expand their force, Portugal ordered a pair of modified Squalo class boats from C.R.D.A in Trieste in 1931. However, Mussolini ordered them seized on the ways in 1935 and pressed into service as the Glauco class off Spain, where the Italian “pirate submarine” fleet was very active.
To replace the undelivered Italian boats, Portugal turned to Vickers in Britain for a pair of 227-foot/1,000 ton boats that could carry a dozen torpedos and have a 5,000nm endurance while carrying a very English 4-inch gun in a streamlined semi-turret forward of the sail. All three– Delfim, Espadarte, and Golfinho were delivered in May 1934 and remained active through WWII.
The Vickers built Delfim class, as described in the 1946 ed of Jane’s
Class leader Delfim. Note the “D” on her fairwater as a designator. Logically, Golfinho carried a “G” while Espadarte had an “E”. The forward streamlined QF 4-inch (102 mm) Mk XII deck gun mount was similar to that seen on the RN’s O-class and, on a smaller scale, to the four-gunned experimental HMS X-1 cruiser submarine of the same era.
To replace the Vickers boats, Portugal managed to pick up a trio of WWII surplus British 217-foot/990-ton S-class boats in 1948: HMS Spur/NRP Narval (S160), HMS Saga/NRP Náutilo (S161), and HMS Spearhead/NRP Neptuno (S162).
These remained in service into the late 1960s.
British RN S-class submarine HMS Spearhead, as NRP Neptuno (S162) in Portugal service 1950s
Then, in 1967, Portugal ordered a four-pack of French Daphné type SSKs that entered service as the Albacora-class by the end of the decade.
While one– NRP Cachalote (S165)— was sold to Pakistan after the Carnation Revolution and the military fell out of favor, the other three (Albacora S163, Barracuda S164, and Delfim S166) would be retained into the 2000s, replaced by the current German boats.
NRP Barracuda was NATO’s oldest active submarine when she was decommissioned in 2010. Laid down by the Dubigeon Shipyards of France in 1967, she is preserved as a museum ship in Portugal.
As a matter of fact, Portugal ordered 3 boats from Vickers, the Delfim class, as a substitute for the cancelled Italian ones. They were delivered in 1935 and served until replaced by the trio of ex-RN boats. My guess is the Portuguese were better off with the substitutes than would have been with the originals.
Indeed! I missed the Delfim class! My apologies. Thanks, Georgios
Very cool submarine! I did a little reading about the power plant, where they run all the time on batteries and recharge them with the hydrogen/liquid oxygen fuel cell. I’d never known about this technology, but I’ll bet it’s quiet! Thank you!
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