Tag Archives: coal fired ironclad

Warship Wednesday, January 30

Here at LSOZI, we are going to take out every Wednesday for a look at the old steam/diesel navies of the 1859-1946 time period and will profile a different ship each week.

– Christopher Eger

Warship Wednesday,  January 30

0820204
Here you see is the Tambor class diesel sub USS Trout (SS-202) at Hunters Point, 11 December 1943. In a little less than 3 months after this photo was taken, the boat and her entire crew would be reported overdue and never heard from again.

She was commissioned in 1940 as part of the 6-ship class of fleet submarines (which all had ‘T’ names). She was brand new when the war broke out.

On patrol off of the outpost of Midway island on December 7, 1941, the sub was ordered back to Pearl Harbor as soon as possible to try to catch Yamato’s fleet. Missing the Japanese strike force, she was soon given a new mission . Trout sailed to the Philippines with a cargo of 3500 rounds of 75mm anti-aircraft ammunition and malaria drugs. She arrived at Corregidor, the island citadel at the entrance to Manila Bay in the Philippines in February 1942 after an epic 57-day war patrol through waters infested with Japanese navy ships.

There, Trout drew ten torpedoes and took on over twenty tons of gold and silver. It had been taken from Manila banks and moved to Corregidor for safekeeping from the approaching Japanese invasion force. Five hundred eighty-three gold bars and heavy canvas bags containing eighteen tons of silver coins were carefully loaded in Trout‘s bilges to be delivered to Pearl Harbor.  Each of the bars weighed 40-pounds and at  the time were worth $23K each. In today’s prices the gold alone was worth over $300-million dollars. Over $30 million in paper currency left behind on Corregidor was burned to prevent capture. General Wainwright disposed of some  350 tons of silver that could not be moved by dumping it in Manila Bay.

0820213

After landing her cargo at Pearl, she rejoined the fleet. She captured survivors of the sunken cruiser Mikuma during the Battle of Midway. Over the course of 11 war patrols she sank 23 Japanese ships amounting to some 87,000-tons in 32 torpedo and six gun actions. For this she was depth charged by the Japanese Navy no less than 8 times. Her combat including sending the  Kaidai class submarine I-182 to Davy Jones locker.

The Trout is on eternal patrol and has never been found. Her 81 men likely entombed with her on some forgotten stretch of sandy bottom deep in the South Pacific.

patch of the trout
Specs:

Displacement, Surfaced: 1,475 t., Submerged: 2,370 t.;
Length 307′ 2″ ; Beam 27′ 3″; Draft 13′ 3″;
Speed, Surfaced 20 kts, Submerged 8 kts; Max.
Depth Limit 250′;
Complement 5 Officers 54 Enlisted (as designed, enlarged during the war to help man larger gun crews;)
Armament, ten 21″ torpedo tubes, six forward, four aft, 24 torpedoes, one 3″/50 deck gun, two .50 caliber machine guns, two .30 caliber Lewis machine guns;
Propulsion, diesel-electric, four General Motors diesel engines, 5,400 hp, Fuel Capacity 93.993 gal., four General Electric motors, 2,740 hp,
Battery Cells, 252, two propellers.

If you liked this column, please consider joining the International Naval Research Organization (INRO)

They are possibly one of the best sources of naval lore http://www.warship.org/naval.htm

The International Naval Research Organization is a non-profit corporation dedicated to the encouragement of the study of naval vessels and their histories, principally in the era of iron and steel warships (about 1860 to date). Its purpose is to provide information and a means of contact for those interested in warships.

Nearing their 50th Anniversary, Warship International, the written tome of the INRO has published hundreds of articles, most of which are unique in their sweep and subject.

I’m a member, so should you be!

Warship Wednesday, January 23, 2013

Here at LSOZI, we are going to take out every Wednesday for a look at the old steam/diesel navies of the 1859-1946 time period and will profile a different ship each week.

– Christopher Eger

Warship Wednesday,  January 23, 2013

sms_erzherzog_albrecht_1872

Here we see the Austrian navy ironclad screw corvette SMS Erzherzog Ferdinand Max as she appeared in the height of her service in the 1870s.

Laid down in Trieste during 1863 from lessons learned from the British Warrior and the ongoing US Civil War, she was named for the brother of then-Emperor Franz Joseph who we know today as the last Emperor of Mexico, Maximilian. Commissioned 24 May 1865, just six weeks after Lee surrendered at Appomattox, the Max was the lead ship of a four-vessel class. She was supposed to be armed with a pair of 8″ Krupp guns but these were embargoed by Germany due to the looming war with Italy. She left port without all of her armor, and carrying a number of dated 48-pounder guns that were found lying around the yard from old ships.

Tegetthoff on the bridge on the MAX during Lissa, standing like a boss. The Italians fired more than 1400 shells during the battle but fell far shot of causing any real damage to the Austrian Fleet

Tegetthoff on the bridge on the MAX during Lissa, standing like a boss. The Italians fired more than 1400 shells during the battle but fell far shot of causing any real damage to the Austrian Fleet

As the flagship of the 39-year old Kontreadmiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff, head of the Austrian battle fleet, the Max charged headlong into fleet combat near the disputed island of Lissa in 1866.  Lacking her large 8-inchers, Tegetthoff ordered the ship to use its ram bow to good effect sinking the proud Italian ship Re d’Italia. The Italian ironclad suffered a 18-foot gash in her side and sank within two minutes. Her crestfallen master shot himself in the head with a revolver. The Austrian use of this desperate tactic at Lissa led to battleships keeping ram bows for a half-century although they were never used in fleet combat again.

519934Re.Italia_vs_Ferdinand.Max

Both Tegetthoff and the Ferdinand Max became household words in Austria for decades. She was kept around as a training ship in Pola until 1916, one of the last US Civil War era ironclads afloat.

She was broken up in 1917.

Modell-SMS-Erzherzog-Ferdinand-Max-im-HGM
Specs:
Displacement:     5140
30’4″ x 42’0″ x 20’8″
Installed power:     3500SHP steam, coal fired. Three masted bark rig auxiliary.
Propulsion:     1 shaft, 1 steam engine
Speed:     12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)
Complement 489 men
Armament: (16) 48-pdr SB, (4) 8-pdr SB; (2) 3-pdr (at Lissa) 2x203mm Krupp guns added later

If you liked this column, please consider joining the International Naval Research Organization (INRO)

There are literally thousands of detailed articles that have been covered over the past 50-years by the INRO in Warship International. Click here http://www.warship.org/no11986.htm to read for free an example, this one on the Repulse and Prince of Wales last battle.

The International Naval Research Organization is a non-profit corporation dedicated to the encouragement of the study of naval vessels and their histories, principally in the era of iron and steel warships (about 1860 to date). Its purpose is to provide information and a means of contact for those interested in warships.

Nearing their 50th Anniversary, Warship International, the written tome of the INRO has
published hundreds of articles, most of which are unique in their sweep and subject.

I’m a member, so should you be!

Warship Wednesday, January 16, 2013

Here at LSOZI, we are going to take out every Wednesday for a look at the old steam/diesel navies of the 1859-1946 time period and will profile a different ship each week.

– Christopher Eger

Warship Wednesday,  January 16, 2013

(By John Tansey, Deviant Art)

(By John Tansey, Deviant Art)

Here we see the Austrian navy frigate SMS Novara sailing through the gentle Pacific in the 1850’s.

Laid down in 1843 at the Venetian Arsenal, in Venice, Italy, she was placed in service in 1851. Armed with four impressive 60-pounder Paixhans guns and two dozen smaller 24-pounders, she could hold her own. At the time the commander of the Austrian Navy was Archduke Maximilian. The good Archduke sent the Novara in 1857 on a 27-month long scientific research mission. Circumnavigating the globe, it was the first large-scale scientific, around-the-world mission of the Austrian Imperial navy and remains a proud moment in Austrian history. In the mission they collected 21-binders of information and made more than 26,000 collections of fauna around the world. These collections lead to the discovery of pure cocaine, which is celebrated at high-dollar events to this day.

SMS.Novara.return

In 1864 the heroic vessel was charged with carrying Maximilian to Mexico where he assumed his new throne over that country, installed by French troops. However that didn’t work out too well for Max, and in 1868 the Novara returned to Mexico to retrieve his body.

The ship participated in the greatest Austrian naval victory at the Battle of Lissa in 1866 and spent  another three decades as a gunnery training ship before she was scrapped in 1899 at age 56.

She is well-remembered in Austria, a country that hasn’t had a blue-water navy since 1918.

20-Euro coin honoring the Novara and her scientific voyage

20-Euro coin honoring the Novara and her scientific voyage

Specs:

Displacement:     2,615 t (2,574 long tons)
Length:     76.79 m (251 ft 11 in)
Beam:     14.32 m (47 ft 0 in)
Draft:     5.8 m (19 ft 0 in)
Installed power:     1,200 ihp (890 kW)
Propulsion:     1 shaft, 1 steam engine
Speed:     12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph)
Range:     3,300 nmi (6,100 km; 3,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
Complement:     550
Armament:     4 × 60-pounder smoothbore Paixhans guns
28 × 30-pounder Novara guns
2 × 24-pounder Breech-loading guns

If you liked this column, please consider joining the International Naval Research Organization (INRO)

There are literally thousands of detailed articles that have been covered over the past 50-years by the INRO in Warship International. Click here to read for free an example, this one on the Repulse and Prince of Wales last battle.

The International Naval Research Organization is a non-profit corporation dedicated to the encouragement of the study of naval vessels and their histories, principally in the era of iron and steel warships (about 1860 to date). Its purpose is to provide information and a means of contact for those interested in warships.

Nearing their 50th Anniversary, Warship International, the written tome of the INRO has published hundreds of articles, most of which are unique in their sweep and subject.

I’m a member, so should you be!

Warship Wednesday, January 9, 2013

Here at LSOZI, we are going to take out every Wednesday for a look at the old steam/diesel navies of the 1859-1946 time period and will profile a different ship each week.

– Christopher Eger

Warship Wednesday,  January 9, 2013

Last_Jutland_warship_to_be_preserved_for_the_nation_2
Here we see the old “C-class” light cruiser HMS Caroline steaming with a bone in her mouth.

The Caroline, at 4700-tons when fully loaded and some 446-feet overall length is about the size of today’s Oliver Hazard Perry Class frigates, but when she was designed in the 1900s, she was a pretty fierce fast cruiser. Capable of over 28-knots, her pair of 6-inch guns and 8 smaller 4-inchers could make mincemeat of attacking destroyers and torpedo boats of the day. Her job was to keep these wolverines at bay from the battleships of the line while being available for scouting and shadowing the bad guy’s battle line. Detached from fleet service she was also capable of showing the flag round the world anywhere the water was more than 16-feet deep.

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Commissioned just four months after the start of WWI, Caroline served with the  4th Light Cruiser Squadron and famously led a torpedo attack during the Battle of Jutland. After the war she was sent to the East Indies Station based at Colombo where she patrolled the Indian coastline. In 1924 she became a drill ship for the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve in April 1924 at  Alexandra Dock, Belfast. There she remained as a dockside trainer and depot ship. Still officially in commission but never leaving port, she still had a reserve ‘crew’ as late as 2009. Not bad when you consider she was built in less than nine months.

In India post WWI

In India post WWI

Of her class of 28 cruisers, one was sunk in 1918 by a mine, six were lost during WWII, and the remainder were all broken up by 1948, leaving Caroline in Irish waters as the sole survivor of her group.

Finally, with her hull right at 98-years old, HMS Caroline was decommissioned on 31 March 2011. Her ensign was laid up in St Anne’s Cathedral in Belfast. It is envisioned that she, the last survivor of Jutland and the last WWI-era Royal Navy cruiser afloat, will become a museum.

Today, disarmed, decommed, but still proud

Today, disarmed, decommed, but still proud

The Brits sure got a lot of use out of her.

Specs:

Displacement:     Nominal: 3,750 tons
Loaded: 4,219 tons
Deep: 4,733 tons
Length:     420 ft (128.0 m) (446 ft (135.9 m) overall)
Beam:     41.5 ft (12.6 m)
Draught:     16 ft (5 m) maximum
Propulsion:     4 shaft Parsons turbines
Power: 40,000 shp
Speed:     28.5 knots (53 km/h) (largely immobile after 1924)
Range:     carried 405 tons (772 tons maximum) of fuel oil
Complement:     325
Armament:     As built:

2 × BL 6 in (152 mm) /45 Mk XII guns (2 × 1),
8 × QF 4 in (102 mm) /45 Mk V guns[1]
1 × 6 pounder,
4 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes

Later:

4 × 6 in (152 mm) /45 Mk XII
2 × 3 in (76 mm) anti-aircraft
4 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes.

Today: None

Armour:     Belt: 3 to 1 in
Decks: 1 inch

If you liked this column, please consider joining the International Naval Research Organization (INRO)

They have one of the largest collections of ships photos from avid martial art enthusiasts around the world, many never before seen. Some of the collection online is at http://www.warship.org/ship.htm

The International Naval Research Organization is a non-profit corporation dedicated to the encouragement of the study of naval vessels and their histories, principally in the era of iron and steel warships (about 1860 to date). Its purpose is to provide information and a means of contact for those interested in warships.

Nearing their 50th Anniversary, Warship International, the written tome of the INRO has published hundreds of articles, most of which are unique in their sweep and subject.

I’m a member, so should you be!

Warship Wednesday, January 2, 2013 (Happy NEW Year)

Here at LSOZI, we are going to take out every Wednesday for a look at the old steam/diesel navies of the 1859-1946 time period and will profile a different ship each week.
– Christopher Eger
Warship Wednesday,  January 2, 2013 (Happy NEW Year)

Turner,_J._M._W._-_The_Fighting_Téméraire_tugged_to_her_last_Berth_to_be_broken
Here we see the HMS Temeraire tugged to her last berth to be broken up in 1838.

While normally we cover steel ships, powered by coal, oil, diesel, or some other fossil fuel, the Temeraire deserves a special mention. Ordered in 1790, she spent 8-years in the stocks being constructed at the Chatham Dockyard before entering service during the Napoleonic Wars in 1799. Built as a Neptune-class ship of the line, she was a huge 2120-ton 185-foot long battleship of the sail era and as such carried an amazing 98 cannon arrayed on four decks. With each of these guns requiring a 5-7 man crew, the ship when fully manned carried over 700 sailors, officers, and marines.

She helped blockade both Spain and then France before having her moment of glory at the famous Battle of Trafalgar. It was there, in 1805, that she earned her reputation. Coming to the aide of Nelson in the HMS Victory, the Temeraire fought off the  112-gun Spanish ship Santa Ana, 74-gun French ship redoubtable, and 74-gun French ship Fougueux. This fighting was done at close quarters, usually within a football field and often involved ramming and lashing together. She had more than 125 casualties, all of her sails and masts yards shot or burned away, and her starboard hull and rudder head staved in. The battle ended with both Fougueux and the Redoubtable striking their colors and captured by Temeraire.

The_Battle_of_Trafalgar_by_William_Clarkson_Stanfield

Trafalgar: The damaged French Redoubtable caught between the Victory (the large ship in the foreground center) and the Temeraire (seen bow on). The Fougueux, coming up on Temeraire’s starboard side, has just received a broadside. 1836 oil on canvas by Clarkson Frederick Stanfield.

Repaired but never the same again, she continued to serve for another decade of the Napoleonic wars, seeing combat against Danish and French ships. By 1812, no longer needed in the line and with her wood in decay, she was placed in reserve. Her guns were landed, her crews dispersed, and she was pressed into use as a first a prison ship, then a receiving ship, victualing ship, and finally as a guard ship, before her old but still majestic hulk was sold to the breakers in 1838.

“”The flag which braved the battle and the breeze, No longer owns her.”

The famous painting of the proud but stricken vessel being towed to scrap “The Fighting Temeraire tugged to her last berth to be broken up, 1838″ by J. M. W. Turner,  has sat at the National Gallery in London since 1851. In 2005, The Fighting Temeraire was voted the greatest painting in a British art gallery and an aging RN Commander James “Shaken, not stirred” Bond admired her in last year’s Skyfall movie. Her name went on to grace a steam-powered warship, a  Bellerophon class battleship in World War One, but has not been on the ocean since 1921. Today HMS Temeraire is the name of the shore side Directorate of Naval Physical Training and Sport (DNPTS) in Portsmouth.

Specs:

Tons burthen:     2,12058⁄94 (bm)
Length:     185 ft (56 m) (gundeck)
152 ft 8 in (46.53 m) (keel)
Beam:     51 ft 2 in (15.60 m)
Depth of hold:     21 ft 6 in (6.55 m)
Sail plan:     Full-rigged ship
Complement:     738
Armament:    98 guns:
Gundeck: 28 × 32-pounder guns
Middle gundeck: 30 × 18-pounder guns
Upper gundeck: 30 × 18-pounder guns
Quarterdeck: 8 × 12-pounder guns
Forecastle: 2 × 12-pounder guns

If you liked this column, please consider joining the International Naval Research Organization (INRO) They have one of the largest collections of ships photos from avid martial art enthusiasts around the world, many never before seen. Some of the collection online is at http://www.warship.org/ship.htm

The International Naval Research Organization is a non-profit corporation dedicated to the encouragement of the study of naval vessels and their histories, principally in the era of iron and steel warships (about 1860 to date). Its purpose is to provide information and a means of contact for those interested in warships.

Nearing their 50th Anniversary, Warship International, the written tome of the INRO has published hundreds of articles, most of which are unique in their sweep and subject.

I’m a member, so should you be!

Warship Wednesday, December 26

Here at LSOZI, we are going to take out every Wednesday for a look at the old steam/diesel navies of the  1859-1946 time period and will profile a different ship each week.

– Christopher Eger

Warship Wednesday,  December 26

dualio

Here we see the beautiful legacy dreadnought Caio Duilio as she appeared in WWII. Caio Duilio was an Italian Andrea Doria-class battleship that served in the Regia Marina during World War I and World War II. She was named after the First Punic War Roman fleet commander Gaius Duilius, winner of the  Battle of Mylae in 260 BC.

Ordered in 1911 she was completed in 1916. Even though this was in the middle of WWI, the Duilio didn’t see much active service as from 1916-18 naval combat in the Med was largely restricted to patrolling the barrage line in the Adriatic to keep the Austro-Hungarian fleet bottled up while avoiding both German and Austrian U-boats (Captain Von Trapp!).

dreadnought Caio Duilio and her sister Andrea Doria as they appeared in the 1920s. Note the immense coal smoke.

Dreadnought Caio Duilio and her sister Andrea Doria as they appeared in the 1920s. Note the immense coal smoke.

Between the wars the ship was modernized. Originally a 22,000-ton coal-fired battleship with a baker’s dozen 305mm guns (in three triple and two double turrets) that could make, she became a 30,000-ton oil-fired (which more than doubled her horsepower) battleship with ten 320mm guns that could make 27-knots. It was in this configuration that she entered WWII.

During the war she fought, as Italy did, first with the Axis (1939-43) then with the Allies (1943-45). She was assigned to convoy duty between Italy and Libya to supply Axis troops fighting in the North African Front. She took a torpedo from a Swordfish in her bow during the Battle of Taranto but was quickly repaired. In the First Battle of Sirte in 1941, she was the flagship of the Close covering force under Rear Admiral Raffaele de Courten (on Duca d’Aosta) as he slugged it out with a force of British cruisers and destroyers. The battle, like most of the naval combat in the Med during WWII, was inconclusive with a few rounds fired from extreme range and much maneuverings done but few ships on either side hit. After Italy came over to the Allies she spent the rest of the War cooling her heels in Malta.

After the war she was retained in service for another decade. She was the flagship of the Italian Navy 1947 to 1949 and after that was retained as a training vessel and ceremonial duties ship for senior personnel. She was stricken in 1956 and scrapped the following year after more than forty years of honorable service. Her sister-ship, Andrea Doria, was scrapped two years later and was the last Italian battleship.

Caio Duilio didn’t have the most impressive legacy of sea service, having never sunk another ship in combat through two world wars. Still, she was one of the handful of warships planned before 1914 that served in both world wars to one extent or another and survived to see NATO service in the twilight of the battleship.

In 1962 the Missile cruiser Caio Duilio was commissioned and had a 30-year career of her own which celebrated the elder Gaius Duilius as well as the former battleship. In 2009, an Orizzonte-class destroyer was commissioned with the same name, ensuring that there will be a Caio Duilio in the Italian navy for generations yet to come.

Specs:
Displacement:     As built:
22,956 tons normal
24,729 tons full load
As modernized:
26,434 tons normal
29,391 tons full load
Length:     168.96 m (554.3 ft)
Beam:     28.03 m (92.0 ft)
Draft:     8.58 m (28.1 ft)
Propulsion:     As built:
Steam turbine system
20 boilers
4 shafts
30,000 shp
As modernized:
Steam turbine system
8 Yarrow type boilers
2 shafts
75,000 shp
Speed:     As built: 21 knots (39 km/h)
As modernized: 27 knots (50 km/h)
Complement:     As built: 1,233
As modernized: 1,485
Armament:     As built:
13 × 305 mm (12 in) guns (Three triple and two double turrets)
16 × 152 mm (6 in) guns
13 × 76 mm (3 in) guns
6 × 76 mm anti-aircraft guns
3 × 450 mm (18 in) torpedo tubes
As modernized:
10 × 320 mm (12.6 in) guns (Two triple and two double turrets)
12 × 135 mm (5.3 in) guns (Four triple turrets)
10 × 90 mm (3.5 in) anti-aircraft guns
15 × 37 mm anti-aircraft guns
16 × 20 mm anti-aircraft guns
Armor:     Belt: 254 mm
Turrets: 280 mm
Decks: 98 mm

If you liked this column, please consider joining the International Naval Research Organization (INRO)

They have one of the largest collections of ships photos from avid martial art enthusiasts around the world, many never before seen. Some of the collection online is at http://www.warship.org/ship.htm

The International Naval Research Organization is a non-profit corporation dedicated to the encouragement of the study of naval vessels and their histories, principally in the era of iron and steel warships (about 1860 to date). Its purpose is to provide information and a means of contact for those interested in warships.

Nearing their 50th Anniversary, Warship International, the written tome of the INRO has published hundreds of articles, most of which are unique in their sweep and subject.

I’m a member, so should you be!

Warship Wednesday, December 19

Here at LSOZI, we are going to take out every Wednesday for a look at the old steam/diesel navies of the 1859-1946 time period and will profile a different ship each week.

– Christopher Eger

Warship Wednesday,  December 19

French bb Charlemagne
Here we see the beautiful pre-drednought  Charlemagne of the French navy undated photo around 1900.

Built before the lessons learned in the Spanish-American war, but utilizing some learned from the clash of Japanese and Imperial Chinese armored vessels in 1894,  she was commissioned in September 1897. She is typical of her era with Harvey armor, a varied and confusing series of main, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinary batteries of armament– all of which had limited elevation and arcs of fire. Built with twenty coal-fired boilers to power a trio of 4-cylinder vertical triple expansion steam engines on independent shafts, the 386-foot long battleship broke a blistering 18-knots on her trials.

PhotoWW1-01bbFrCharlmagnePS

By 1906, at the ripe old age of 8, she was thoroughly obsolete. Her place in the battle line was taken by fast oil-fired warships with Krupp armor and an all-big gun battery. However this did not mean she was retired. On the contrary the French kept her in service for another decade of service in both peace and war. Considered almost expendable by 1915, she and five other French battleships were tasked with close in bombardment of the Turkish defenses of the Dardanelles during the Gallipoli campaign.

She served it up hot to the Turks and took some punishment in return. She was patched back together but by 1917 Charlemagne was laid up.

She was scrapped in 1923.

Specs:

Displacement:     11,275 t (11,097 long tons) (deep load)
Length:     117.7 m (386 ft 2 in)
Beam:     20.3 m (66 ft 7 in)
Draught:     8.4 m (27 ft 7 in)
Installed power:     14,500 PS (10,700 kW)
20 Belleville water-tube boilers
Propulsion:     3 shafts, 3 four-cylinder vertical triple-expansion steam engines
Speed:     18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph)
Range:     4,200 miles (3,650 nmi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
Complement:     727
Armament:     2 × 2 – 305 mm (12 in) Mle 1893 guns
10 × 1 – 138.6 mm (5.46 in) Mle 1893 guns
8 × 1 – 100 mm (3.9 in) Mle 1893 guns
20 × 1 – 47 mm Mle 1885 Hotchkiss guns
4 × 450 mm (17.7 in) torpedo tubes
Armour:     Belt: 110–320 mm (4.3–12.6 in)
Decks: 55–90 mm (2.2–3.5 in)
Barbettes: 270 mm (10.6 in)
Turrets: 320 mm (12.6 in)
Conning tower: 326 mm (12.8 in)

If you liked this column, please consider joining the International Naval Research Organization (INRO) http://www.warship.org/

The International Naval Research Organization is a non-profit corporation dedicated to the encouragement of the study of naval vessels and their histories, principally in the era of iron and steel warships (about 1860 to date). Its purpose is to provide information and a means of contact for those interested in warships.

Nearing their 50th Anniversary, Warship International, the written tome of the INRO has published hundreds of articles  most of which are unique in their sweep and subject.

I’m a member, so should you be!

Warship Wednesday, December 12

Here at LSOZI, we are going to take out every Wednesday for a look at the old steam/diesel navies of the 1859-1946 time period and will profile a different ship each week.

– Christopher Eger

Warship Wednesday,  December 12

0408605
Here we see the USS Vicksburg (CL-86), a Cleveland-class light cruiser, off the U.S. East Coast, 17 October 1944. Photographed by from a blimp of squadron ZP-12, based at Naval Air Station Lakehurst, New Jersey. The ship is painted in Camouflage Measure 33, Design 6d. (Official U.S. Navy Photograph, from the collections of the Naval Historical Center #NH 98331.)

Vicksburg was first laid down as the cruiser Cheyenne in 1942 she was renamed before commissioning in June 1944 a week after the D-Day landings. She rushed to the Pacific and was soon in the midst of protecting the fast carrier task forces of the US Navy from Kamikazes in the push to the Japanese home islands. Although arriving late in the war she made her presence felt in Iwo and Okinawa, dropping six-inch shells on Japanese positions while bagging a number of kamikazes with her formidable battery of 40mm and 20mm guns as perhaps the most modern ship of her class.

with searchlights

with searchlights

After the war she served as the flag of Commander, 3rd Fleet before being placed into mothballs at the ripe old age of three-years old. There she remained for 15-years quietly waiting for a call that never came.

Like 26 of the 27 Cleveland class that were completed as cruisers, Vicksburg was scrapped.  Only one Cleveland-class ship remains, the CLG-converted Little Rock, which has since 1976 been a museum ship in Buffalo, New York. Elements of the Vicksburg were used to refurbish her.

The Little Rock, Vick's sistership, on display in Buffalo.

The Little Rock, Vick’s sistership, on display in Buffalo.

Specs:
Displacement:     11,800 tons (standard), 14,131 tons (full)
Length:     600 ft (Waterline) 600 ft (180 m), 608 ft 4 in (Overall) 608 ft 4 in (185.42 m)
Beam:     63 ft (20.2 m)
Height:     113 ft (34.5 m)
Draft:     20 ft mean (7.5 m)
Propulsion:

4 Babcock & Wilcox, 634 psi boilers
4 GE geared steam turbines
4 Screws
100,000 hp (75 MW)

Speed:     32.5 knots
Range:     14,500 nm @ 15 kts
Complement:     992 officers and enlisted although by 1945 this grew to 1255 total.

Armament:     12 × 6 in (150 mm) guns (4×3), 12 × 5 in (130 mm) guns (6×2), 12 × 40 mm Bofors guns (2×4, 2×2), 10 × 20 mm guns (10×1)
Updated in 1945 with 28 × 40 mm Bofors guns (4×4, 6×2) and additional sensors

Aircraft carried:     4 OS2U Kingfisher scout planes
Aviation facilities:     2 launching catapults

If you liked this column, please consider joining the International Naval Research Organization (INRO)

The International Naval Research Organization is a non-profit corporation dedicated to the encouragement of the study of naval vessels and their histories, principally in the era of iron and steel warships (about 1860 to date). Its purpose is to provide information and a means of contact for those interested in warships.

Nearing their 50th Anniversary, Warship International, the written tome of the INRO has published hundreds of articles most of which are unique in their sweep and subject.

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Warship Wednesday, December 5

Here at LSOZI, we are going to take out every Wednesday for a look at the old steampunk/dieselpunk navies of the 1866-1946 time period and will profile a different ship each week.

– Christopher Eger

Warship Wednesday,  December 5

New_Mexico_class_battleship_bombarding_Okinawa
Here we see the old dreadnought USS Idaho showing some love to Japanese infantry ashore on Okinawa on 1 April 1945, easily distinguished by her tower foremast & 5”-38 Mk 30 single turrets (visible between the barrels of the forward main turrets). Idaho was the only US battleship with this configuration.

With lattice masts as originally commissioned.

With lattice masts as originally commissioned.

As a New Mexico-class battleship, she was designed just before World War One, and her construction from her award in November 1914 to her commissioning in March 1919, covered the entire period of that great war. One of the most advanced US battlewagons of her days, she spent most of her career from 1919-1941 in the Pacific. That makes it even more amazing that she was not on Battleship Row on December 7, 1941..but was quietly at anchor in Iceland enforcing the US Neutrality Patrol in the Atlantic. She and her sistership USS Mississippi steamed to the Pacific and she had a very active war from then on to make up for it.

She was one of the only US ships that ever bombarded the United States in anger when she pummeled the Japanese held islands of the Aleutian chain in 1943. She later went on to lend a hand at landing after landing across the Pacific and was awarded 7 battle stars. At Iwo Jima and Okinawa she came almost point-blank to the beaches and hammered those hard-fought battlefields 24/7 as needed. She may have been designed for Jutland but the 30-year old hull was a lynchpin to the embattled Devil Dogs dug in among the volcanic ash of the Japanese home islands.

Uss_idaho_bb-42

Sadly, less than a year after the end of the war, she was decommissioned and within a year of that date, scrapped.

Specs:
Displacement:     32,000 tons
Length:     624 ft (190 m)
Beam:     97.4 ft (29.7 m)
Draft:     30 ft (9.1 m)
Speed:     21 kn (24 mph; 39 km/h)
Complement:     1,081 officers and men
Armament:     (1919)

12 × 14 in (360 mm) guns
14 × 5 in (130 mm)/51 cal guns,
4 × 3 in (76 mm) guns
2 × 21 in (530 mm) torpedo tubes
(added after 1942)
10×4 40mm, 43×1 20mm, 8×1 .50-caliber MG for AAA

Armor:

Belt: 8–13.5 in (203–343 mm)
Barbettes: 13 in (330 mm)
Turret face: 18 in (457 mm)
Turret sides: 9–10 in (229–254 mm)
Turret top: 5 in (127 mm)
Turret rear 9 in (229 mm)
Conning tower: 11.5 in (292 mm)
Decks: 3.5 in (89 mm)

If you liked this column, please consider joining the International Naval Research Organization (INRO)

The International Naval Research Organization is a non-profit corporation dedicated to the encouragement of the study of naval vessels and their histories, principally in the era of iron and steel warships (about 1860 to date). Its purpose is to provide information and a means of contact for those interested in warships.

Founded in 1963 INRO, while based in the United States, has members around the globe. The membership includes, besides many of the leading authorities in the field, members of a large variety of professions, both men and women, active and retired naval personnel, historians and just plain “warship buffs”. Anyone interested in the subject will find INRO a most valuable source of information and contact with others who have the same interest.

One of the most amazing services of the INRO/Warship International is the INFOSER . Since its inception, Warship International has included an question/answer section in which questions submitted by readers were published and responses were provided by the general membership. This section was initially known as Warship Information Service through the No. 1, 1975, issue, and thereafter as Ask INFOSER. From the first issue of WI in January 1964 through the No. 4, 1996, issue, 2377 questions were published in the WIS/INFOSER section. Well researched answers were provided for 1866 of these questions, many of which contained never before seen illustrations, charts, and diagrams.

This is an invaluable source for the naval historian.

I’m a member, so should you be!

Warship Wednesday, November 28

Here at LSOZI, we are going to take out every Wednesday for a look at the old steampunk/dieselpunk navies of the 1866-1946 time period and will profile a different ship each week.

– Christopher Eger

Warship Wednesday,  November 28

Note the four turrets, each with a trio of huge 12-inch (305mm) guns and the Tsarist Navy banner on the stern. The Gangut class was set up with one turret forward, one sten, and two amidships that could only fire to the port and starboard in broadside.

Here we see the Petropavlovsk (Russian: Петропавловск) when she was commissioned around 1915

Laid down as a member of the four-ship Gangut class of battleships, the Petropavlovsk was the most advanced design ever to sail the Baltic under a Russian flag. Laid down in 1909 to replace the ships lost at Tsuhuma, the Petro was only completed in September 1915, a year into World War One. She spent her war years in quiet readiness as a member of the Russian fleet in being that largely barred the Gulf of Finland from German ships.


In arguably the last Russian naval action of WWI, the Petropavlovsk led the break out of the Baltic Fleet from their ice locked  bases at Tallinn and Helsinki to Kronstadt in February 1918. The Russian navy was instrumental in the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the ship itself flew one of the first red flags in the fleet. Her sailors served ashore with the Red Army as shock troops during the Russian Civil War while the ship itself traded shots with British torpedo boats and destroyers, who were assisting the counter-revolutionary White Russian forces. In a twist of fate, her sailors, long the bulwark of the Red forces, rebelled in the epic Kronstadt mutiny in 1921. After this, to erase the memory of the ship that fought for the Tsar, then the Soviets, then against the Soviets, she was renamed in 1921 at the end of the Civil War Marat, after French revolutionary sailor Jean-Paul Marat.

Main Caliber by Ivan Shagin, taken 1936, probably on the Marat. Some of the best battleship art ever.

With more than a dozen battleships inherited from the pre-1917 Tsarist navy, the Soviets made a move to modernize and keep a few of these around in the late 1920s. The Marat was refitted 1928-31 and turned into something of a floating showcase for the People’s Navy. She was one of the few truly oceangoing Red Banner Fleet vessels in good repair and in 1937 represented the CCCP at the Royal Navy’s Fleet Review at Spithead, sailing alongside such modern ships of her day as the Dunqurque, Graf Spee, and Rodney. She spat out 12-inch shells against Finn batteries during the Winter War in 1940 and during World War Two, she became a legend of the siege of Leningrad. Four months into the war she was hit literally by a ton of bombs (one dropped by famous German Stuka tank ace Hans-UlrichRudel ) and sank.

As post-1942 floating battery. Nine operational 12-inch guns with a twenty-mile range still makes a pretty heavy impact, even if the ship could never put to sea again.

However the ship only sank in 36-feet of water and the Soviets cut away the front, refloated the stern, filled the forward areas with concrete, and managed to get three of her four 12-inch gun turrets back in action within weeks. Her upper decks were covered with inches of concrete and slabs of granite to help provide reinforcement against future air attacks. She literally became a concrete battleship. During 1942-43 she fired more than 1900 rounds of 12-inch shells against German army land targets around Leningrad, while her excess crew fought ashore. Her small guns were landed and rushed to the front where they fought panzers face to face. Even though she never sailed again, the Soviets kept the battered relic around for another eight years after the war ended as a stationary training ship before finally breaking the half-century old ship up in 1953.

Specs:
Displacement:     24,800 tonnes (24,408 long tons)
Length:     181.2 m (594 ft 6 in)
Beam:     26.9 m (88 ft 3 in)
Draft:     8.99 m (29 ft 6 in)
Installed power:     52,000 shp (38,776 kW) (on trials)
Propulsion:     4-shaft Parsons steam turbines
25 Yarrow Admiralty-type watertube boilers
Speed:     24.1 knots (44.6 km/h; 27.7 mph) (on trials)
Range:     3,200 nautical miles (5,900 km; 3,700 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
Complement:     1,149
Armament:     4 × 3 – 12-inch (305 mm)/52 guns
16 × 1 – 4.7-inch (119 mm) guns
1 × 1 – 3-inch (76 mm) Lender AA gun
4 × 1 – 17.7-inch (450 mm) submerged torpedo tubes
Armor:     Waterline belt: 125–225 mm (4.9–8.9 in)
Deck: 12–50 mm (0.47–2.0 in)
Turrets: 76–203 mm (3.0–8.0 in)
Barbettes: 75–150 mm (3.0–5.9 in)
Conning tower: 100–254 mm (3.9–10.0 in)

If you liked this column, please consider joining the International Naval Research Organization (INRO) http://www.warship.org/

The International Naval Research Organization is a non-profit corporation dedicated to the encouragement of the study of naval vessels and their histories, principally in the era of iron and steel warships (about 1860 to date). Its purpose is to provide information and a means of contact for those interested in warships.

Founded in 1963 INRO, while based in the United States, has members around the globe. The membership includes, besides many of the leading authorities in the field, members of a large variety of professions, both men and women, active and retired naval personnel, historians and just plain “warship buffs”. Anyone interested in the subject will find INRO a most valuable source of information and contact with others who have the same interest.

The principal activity of INRO for the last 35 years has been the publication of a quarterly journal, Warship International, recognized internationally as the leading and most authoritative publication in the field. Auxiliary services include a Book Service, offering a 10 per cent discount on current naval books, and the Photo Service, which provides warship photos at a nominal price.

All memberships are for the calendar year, thus assuring those who join any time during the year of a complete annual volume of Warship International for that year. Basic dues are kept at the lowest figure required to cover production and distribution costs for Warship International.

Im a member, so should you be!

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