Author Archives: laststandonzombieisland

Make that 2-4-9

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Continental Navy sloop-of-war Fly (8 guns) along with Continental Navy sloop-of-war Mosquito (4 guns). Both ships were mentioned as being on station in Delaware Bay with Fly watching six British ships in a letter dated 30 December 1776. This image from a 1974 painting by William Nowland Van Powell currently in the U.S. Navy Art Collection

Continental Navy sloop-of-war Fly (8 guns) along with Continental Navy sloop-of-war Mosquito (4 guns). Both ships were mentioned as being on station in Delaware Bay with Fly watching six British ships in a letter dated 30 December 1776. This image from a 1974 painting by William Nowland Van Powell is currently in the U.S. Navy Art Collection

The Navy marked its 249th official birthday (well, technically begun as the Continental Navy) this week.

They released a well-produced 8-minute moto video, below, that is very decent.

Stop Holding Your Breath on the Palmetto StG 44 Clone

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Palmetto State Armory on Tuesday signaled the end, at least for now, of its love-hate relationship with rebooting the iconic StG 44.

The South Carolina-based gunmaker announced at SHOT ’23 that its clone would be the first in what they dubbed the “Battlefield” series of historic guns. PSA had enlisted Mac Steil, the “M” of the defunct Hill & Mac Gunworks, a small gunmaker that had been working on an updated semi-auto Sturmgewehr clone for the better part of a decade but never made it to market.

The StG reboot is now vapor ware. 

The guns were to be made with modern techniques complete with a threaded barrel, a long stroke piston operating tilting bolt action, an HK style trigger pack, wooden furniture, and the possibility of being chambered in 5.56 NATO, 7.62x39mm, .300 AAC Blackout, or the original 7.92 Kurz– the latter is still in production by Privi Partisan in Europe.

However, that bubble now seems to have popped, as PSA announced this week.

The TL;DR: They couldn’t make it work and the juice apparently wasn’t worth the squeeze.

Six Pack of Tin Cans

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San Diego, California. 22 October 1930. Officers and crew of six Wickes class “flush decker” four-piper destroyers: USS Rathburne (DD-113); USS Talbot (DD-114), USS Dent (DD-116), USS Waters (DD-115), USS Lea (DD-118), and USS Dorsey (DD-117).

Naval Station Treasure Island, NHHC photo. Accession #: UA 571.06

Seen interbellum, most of the above were built in the last few weeks of the Great War and served on late 1918 cross-Atlantic convoy escort. Surplus to the Navy’s needs by the 1930s, they would be marked for disposal with WWII saving them from premature scrapping.

Of the six, Rathburne would serve as a training ship and high-speed “Green Dragon” transport (APD-25), downing two Japanese aircraft; as would Talbot (APD-7), Waters (APD-8), and Dent (APD-9). Dorsey, meanwhile, served as a high-speed mine sweeper (DMS-1) during WWII. At the same time, Lea would revisit her Great War service, riding shotgun on a series of Atlantic convoys and earning a Presidential Unit Citation with the Bogue hunter-killer group in 1943.

USS Lea off Boston Navy Yard, 9 April 1943. Note stacks of depth charges on her stern and at least four DC throwers. 19-N-42631

All would survive the war, decommissioned in 1945– most while the war was still on– and be sold for scrapping in 1946.

Warship Wednesday Oct. 16, 2024: Skill and Perseverance

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Here at LSOZI, we take off every Wednesday for a look at the old steam/diesel navies of the 1833-1954 period and will profile a different ship each week. These ships have a life, a tale all their own, which sometimes takes them to the strangest places.- Christopher Eger

If you enjoy my always ad-free Warship Wednesday content, you can support it by buying me a cup of joe at https://buymeacoffee.com/lsozi

Warship Wednesday, Oct. 16, 2024: Skill and Perseverance

Official U.S. Navy Photograph, now in the collections of the National Archives. Catalog #: 80-G-272783

Above we see, some 80 years ago this week, the Cleveland-class light cruiser, USS Houston (CL-81), making like a submarine with her decks nearly awash. This is not an optical illusion. She is seen under tow on 17 October 1944, after she had been torpedoed twice by Japanese aircraft during operations off Formosa. The first torpedo hit Houston amidships on 14 October. The second struck the cruiser’s starboard quarter just 43 hours later while she was limping away.

A ship with a standard design displacement of 11,744 long tons, it was later estimated that, in the above image, she was so full of water that she was at some 20,900 tons.

The Clevelands

When the U.S. Navy took off the shackles of the London Naval Treaty and moved to make a series of new light cruisers, they based the design on the last “treaty” limited 10,000-ton Brooklyn-class light cruiser, USS Helena (CL-50), which was commissioned in 1939 (and was torpedoed and sunk in the Battle of Kula Gulf in 1943).

The resulting Cleveland class was stood up fast, with the first ship laid down in July 1940. Soon, four East Coast shipyards were filling their ways with their hulls.

The Cleveland class, via ONI 54R, 1943

The changes to the design were mostly in the armament, with the new light cruisers carrying a dozen 6″/47 Mark 16 guns in four triple turrets– rather than the 15 guns arranged in five turrets in Helena as the latter’s No. 3 gun turret was deleted.

The modification allowed for a stronger secondary armament (6 dual 5″/38 mounts and as many as 28 40mm Bofors and 20 20mm Oerlikon guns) as well as some strengthening in the hull. Notably, the latter may have worked as one of the class, USS Miami (CL-89), lost her bow to Typhoon Cobra but lived to tell the tale.

Much overloaded at more than 14,000 tons when fully loaded, these ships were cramped and top-heavy, which led to many further mods such as deleting catapults, aircraft, and rangefinders as the conflict went on to keep them from rolling dangerously.

Although 52 hulls were planned, only 27 made it to the fleet as cruisers while nine were completed while on the craving dock to Independence-class light carriers. A further baker’s dozen (of which only two were completed, and those too late for WWII service) were reordered as Fargo-class cruisers, which was basically a Cleveland with a single funnel and a redesigned, more compact, superstructure.

Remarkably, although the Clevelands saw much hard service in WWII, none were lost in action. No other cruiser design in history has seen so many units sail off to war and all return home.

The Cleveland class in the 1946 edition of Jane’s.

Meet Houston

Our subject is the third U.S. Navy warship to carry the name of the Lone Star State’s city which itself is named in honor of Sam Houston.

Originally slated to be named USS Vicksburg, CL-81 was renamed on the ways to honor the sacrifice of the Northampton-class heavy cruiser USS Houston (CL/CA-30) which was tragically lost in a storm of Japanese torpedoes during the Battle of Sunda Strait on 1 March 1942, a vessel whose legacy is cherished in her home state. That ship’s 1,000-man crew all either perished or were “rescued” from the sea by the Japanese and sent to hellish POW camps.

That doomed cruiser had a special link to her “hometown” and would visit it three times between 1930 and 1939, collecting a special Silver Service donated from public subscription from city leaders.

USS Houston (CA-30) view taken at Houston, Texas, in late 1930, when the ship visited the city after which she had been named. Courtesy of Captain Henri H. Smith-Hutton USN ret., 1976 NH 85177

Two months after CA-30 was lost, 1,000 young men, the “Houston Volunteers,” mustered for service to replace those lost on the cruiser and, sworn in by RADM William A. Glassford before a local crowd of 150,000, unveiled a 60-foot model of the vessel before leaving directly for Naval Training Center San Diego aboard five special trains.

Likewise, the Harris County War Bond Drive raised over $85 million, enough to not only replace the USS Houston but also to build the light carrier USS San Jacinto (CVL-30). Don’t mess with Texas, indeed.

30 May 1942. Caption: “1000 men of Houston, Texas are sworn into U.S. Navy in a mass enlistment ceremony to replace 1,000 lost on cruiser ‘Houston’.” University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. do8941zg26p

Building the new USS Houston (CL 81) at Norfolk Navy Yard, Norfolk, Virginia, for launching on June 19, 1943. Workmen lifting a steel deck plate weighing many hundreds of pounds into place. Photograph released May 31, 1943. 80-G-68627

Building the new USS Houston (CL 81) at Norfolk Navy Yard, Norfolk, Virginia, for launching on June 19, 1943. Looking through the huge anchor-eye are John W. Jackson and Wilson Majors, both steamfitters. 80-G-68632

When it came time to find a sponsor for this new cruiser, Mrs. Claud Hamill, who led the campaign to raise funds for the second cruiser Houston, was the logical choice. She led a group of 20 Houstonians to the event and christened the vessel “on behalf of the people of Houston who ensured the perpetuation of a beloved American name in a great fighting ship!”

“Norfolk, Va., 19 June 1943– Mrs. Claude Hammill, of Houston, Texas, smashes a bottle of champagne against the bow of the new cruiser, Houston, as the ship starts down the ways at her launching 19 June 1943 at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Newport News, Va. In the picture reading from the extreme left are Senator Tom Connally, of Texas, Governor Coke Stevenson, of Texas, Jesse Jones, Secretary of Commerce, Mayor Otis Massey, of Houston, Lieutenant Commander Wilson Starbuck, Public Relations Officer of the Fifth Naval District, and (front) Rear Admiral O.L. Cox, Supervisor of Shipbuilding at the Yard.” University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. do9829b816n

Future USS Houston (CL-81) Being christened by Mrs. Claude Hamill at Newport News, Virginia, 19 June 1943. 19-N-47116

USS Houston (CL-81) launched, at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company shipyard, Newport News, Virginia, 19 June 1943. 19-N-47114

Commissioned on 20 December 1943, she would spend the next four months conducting shakedown and training cruises ranging from Boston to the Caribbean.

Her first skipper was Capt. William Wohlsen Behrens, a 45-year-old Mustang who had served during the Great War as an enlisted man on submarine patrol off the Atlantic Coast later picked up his butter bar after attending Temple University.

And his cruiser was beautiful!

USS Houston (CL-81) off the Norfolk Navy Yard, Virginia, 11 January 1944. She is painted in Camouflage Measure 32, Design 1d. Photograph from the Bureau of Ships Collection in the U.S. National Archives. 19-N-60240

Same as the above. Note her extensive radar fit including SG, SK-2, Mk 13, and twin Mk 25 radars. 19-N-60241

Same as the above. Just a great example of Measure 32, Design 1d for modelers. 19-N-60239

USS Houston (CL-81) vertical photograph of the ship underway off Norfolk, Virginia, 12 January 1944. This gives a fantastic view of her dozen 6″/47s, dozen 5″38s, 24 40mm Bofors, and 21 Oerlikons as well as her twin stern cats. 80-G-214194

USS Houston (CL-81) off Norfolk, Virginia, 12 January 1944. She is painted in Camouflage Measure 32, Design 1d. 80-G-214200

USS Houston (CL-81) underway off the U.S. East Coast, on 26 January 1944 on shakedown. NH 50219

War!

Catching orders to head to the Pacific, Houston arrived at Pearl Harbor on 6 May 1944 via the Panama Canal and San Diego and by the end of the month would join VADM Marc Mitscher’s fast carrier Task Force 58 at Majuro Atoll.

Her baptism of fire would occur in June as she screened those flattops on their raids of the Marianas and the Bonins— losing one of her Kingfishers to an accident on the 12th– before turning to Saipan for the Marianas campaign by mid-month.

After spending two weeks screening TF 58 as its carries haunted Saipan from 90 miles offshore during “The Marianas Turkey Shoot,” Houston was dispatched on 27 June, along with sister USS Miami (CL-89) and six escorting destroyers, as a surface action group with orders to shell Japanese-occupied Guam and Rota.

Houston let her big guns sing for the first time, delivering 542 6″/47 HC shells and 313 of 5″/38 AA Common. Her spotting planes reported her guns to have knocked out a dozen aircraft on the ground and set alight a factory building and three large fuel storage tanks.

Of this action, Behrens noted that “While the expenditure of ammunition was high for the results obtained on targets other than the airfield, I consider it well spent, in view of the experience gained by all hands. Firing at the radio or radar stations at Rota and Guam eliminated the nervousness apparent in firing at these first targets on both islands. The performance of all personnel was most satisfactory.”

Early September found her on another sortie with USS Miami, this time joined by sister USS Vincennes (CL-64), to plaster Japanese positions on Angaur, Peleliu, Ngesebus, and Palau. This time she spent 884 6-inch and 661 5-inch shells. Miami narrowly beat her, ripping off 900 of each. 

Houston then rejoined her carrier task force and screened it during airfield reduction strikes in the Philippines before returning to Peleliu to support the forces landing there in mid-September.

October saw her weather a 60-knot tropical storm at Ulithi Atoll on the 3rd before standing out against Nasei Shoto and Formosa as part of Task Group 38.2– the fleet carriers USS Bunker Hill, Intrepid, and Hancock; the light carriers USS Independence (loaded with night fighters) and Cabot; the battlewagons USS Iowa and New Jersey; and the anti-aircraft cruisers USS San Diego and Oakland. By the 10th, the TG was sending aircraft on raids against Okinawa.

On 11 October, Houston’s deck log noted “several enemy snoopers” probing the TG’s boundary and at least one unidentified submarine was spotted.

Behrens noted, “It does not appear that tomorrow’s strike on Formosa will be a complete surprise to the Japanese.”

Indeed, 12 October saw much excitement, with Houston splashing four Japanese land-based torpedo bombers while filling the air with 5,000 rounds of AAA and suffering two men with shrapnel wounds. The aircraft included new radar-equipped Mitsubishi Type 4 Ki-67 Hiryu (flying dragon)(“Peggy”) Army twin-engine heavy bombers of Imperial Army Air Force (IJAAF) Air Combat Group (Hiko Sentai) 98.

Houston helped repel another attack the next day, in which the brand-new Baltimore-class heavy cruiser  USS Canberra (CA-70) suffered damage. The leviathan, part of nearby Task Group 38.2, was holed by a Type 91, Mod. 3 torpedo that hit below her armor belt at the engineering spaces and blew a jagged hole in her side, killing 23 men outright. Due to the location of the wound, a whopping 4,500 tons of water flooded her after fireroom and both engine rooms, leaving the cruiser dead in the water and had to be taken under tow by the cruiser USS Wichita (CA-45).

With Houston ordered to take the limping Canberra’s spot on the screen the next day, just after sunset on the 14th, the flying dragons of Hiko Sentai 98 caught up to her as night fell. She struck down three of the attackers but caught a tough-to-fight torpedo directly under her hull.

USS Houston (CL-81) view looking aft, showing damage to the ship’s stern area resulting from a torpedo hit amidships received off Formosa on 14 October 1944. This photo was taken while Houston was under tow, but prior to the second torpedo hit on 16 October. Note the OS2U floatplane that had been jarred off the port catapult, breaking its wing on impact with the aircraft crane. 19-N-106304

From Behrens’ report:

The Excruciating Limp

As with the stricken Canberra, which was being slowly pulled away from Formosa by Wichita, a heavy cruiser, USS Boston (CA-69), came to the stricken Houston’s aid and took her under tow on the morning of the 15th. By midnight both Canberra and Houston were under tow to Ulithi for repairs at a stately 5 knots.

Houston transferred no less than 776 of her officers and men to escorting destroyers while a force of 450 remained behind to attempt to save their home. The radio room was ordered to destroy most of the ship’s codes and ciphers in case she had to be abandoned.

A destroyer alongside the damaged USS Houston (CL-81) (right) on 15 October 1944, removing excess crewmen after she was torpedoed by Japanese aircraft off Formosa. Photographed from USS Boston (CA-69). Note OS2U floatplane on Boston’s port catapult. 80-G-272781

Her men waged war against the sea and their home’s own warren of twisted steel and buried their found dead in the briny embrace of the warm and unforgiving blue Pacific. Among the dead was her engineering officer, CDR William H. Potts (USNA 1927), killed when Main Engine No. 1 was wrecked. Two other men trapped in the after fire room had been killed by fatal burns.

USS Houston (CL-81). Burial at sea for crewmen killed when the ship was torpedoed off Formosa on 14 October 1944. Photographed while Houston was under tow on 15 October. 19-N-110835.

With an 8-degree starboard list and a draft of 34 feet (against a normal mean maximum of 25 feet), Behrens ordered the cruiser’s port anchor jettisoned and her port chain payed out to 90 fathoms to keep the ship as even as possible.

Everything quickly got primitive as the ship was flooded to the third deck and the heat of the tropics set in:

The fleet tugs USS Munsee (ATF-107) and Pawnee (ATF-74) assumed the tows of Canberra and Houston on 16 October.

Then, that afternoon, the Japanese caught up to Houston once again and she soon caught another torpedo that wrecked her hangar and flooded her steering compartment.

Japanese aerial torpedo explodes against the ship’s starboard quarter, during the afternoon of 16 October 1944. Houston had been torpedoed amidships on 14 October, while off Formosa, and was under tow by USS Pawnee (ATF-74) when enemy torpedo planes hit her again. USS Canberra (CA-70), also torpedoed off Formosa, is under tow in the distance. The original photograph is in the USS Santa Fe (CL-60) Log, a very large photo album held by the Navy Department Library. NH 98825

Behrens noted that, “In the midst of the action, our towing vessel, Pawnee, sent us a very encouraging message saying, ‘We’ll hold on,’ and continued to make the usual 5 knots in the right direction.”

Later that afternoon, Behrens ordered more of his crew taken off by escorting destroyers. By dusk, there only remained 48 officers and 152 men left on board– with six of them too gravely wounded to risk moving. With sick bay in the dark and with no ventilation, the cruiser’s guest cabin was converted to a hospital, and the wounded were brought on deck whenever conditions permitted.

On the 17th, assisted by four gasoline-driven pumps sent over by Pawnee, Houston decreased her draft to 32.5 feet and her list to 6 degrees.

This slow parade continued for days, with the Diver-class rescue and salvage ship USS Current (ARS-22) arriving alongside and sending over experts and the fleet tug USS Zuni (AT-95) taking Houston in tandem tow with Pawnee.

With almost zero reserve buoyancy left, the days were spent lowering–by hand, block, and rope– 130-pound 6″/47 shells from the shell decks of the four main turrets to the lower handling rooms to help shift the cruiser’s center of gravity.

Armored doors were unbolted and, wrestled above deck, were cast overboard. Searchlight and gun director platforms were torched off and either used for patching material or thrown over the side as were many 20mm and 40mm guns. Abovedeck ammo stores were tossed. Anything too vital to Deep Six was transferred to LCVPs and whaleboats to give to escorting destroyers to store. Rank didn’t exist and officers worked on the repair parties alongside ratings.

Luckily, fresh water had been stored in forward voids as ballast and was siphoned off for cleaning and drinking. Behrens observed, “It had a strong paint and rust taste but did much to quench the thirst.”

On the morning of 27 October, with the help of several tugs, a still very wet and soggy Houston slipped through the Mugai Channel and moored alongside the repair ship and floating workshop USS Hector (AR-7) at Ulithi Atoll, wrapping a 1,250nm mile tow that took 13 days, at an average rate of 4 knots.

Behrens finished with this observation:

USS Houston (CL-81) alongside USS Hector (AR-7) at Ulithi Atoll, 1 November 1944. She was under repair after being hit by two Japanese aerial torpedoes on 14 and 16 October, during operations off Formosa. An LCM is passing by in the foreground. 80-G-373678

After temporary repairs, Houston proceeded to Manus on 14 December under tow by the tugs USS Lipan and Arapaho and escorted by a screen of three destroyer escorts and a coastal minesweeper. Making 6.5 knots, the little convoy (Task Unit 30.9.14) made Manus six days later.

The advantage of having a forward-deployed Advanced Base Sectional DryDock (ABSD) became readily apparent. After waiting in Seeadler Harbor over the Christmas holidays, Houston entered ABSD No. 2. after USS Reno (CL-96) floated out on 7 January 1945.

Overhauls of two light cruisers at a Pacific Base inside ABSD, circa 1944-45. USS Reno (CL-96) and USS Houston (CL-81) 80-G-K-2963

USS Houston (CL-81) damage to the ship’s hull, amidships, from a Japanese aerial torpedo hit received off Formosa on 14 October 1944. The torpedo struck the ship on her bottom, inboard of the starboard bilge keel, while she was in a turn, producing the inward displacement of bottom plating seen here. Photographed in an ABSD floating drydock at Ulithi Atoll while Houston was under repair, circa November 1944. 19-N-105803

After three weeks in dry dock, Houston floated out on Valentine’s Day 1945 and, with only No. 2 and 3 main engines and Nos. 1, 2, and 4 boilers available, she was able to operate under her own steam for the first time in four months and logged a remarkable speed of 23.4 knots.

By 16 February, along with the wounded but patched up Reno and the tin can USS Bowers (DE-637), Houston and company left Manus for Pearl Harbor, zig-zagging at 16 knots. Arriving in Hawaii on 24 February, after a three-day port call and much-needed libo, Reno and Houston set course for San Pedro, California on 27 February.

Crossing through “The Ditch” a much different cruiser than when she passed just 10 months prior, Houston eventually steamed to the New York Navy Yard, arriving on 24 March 1945. Reno followed her almost the whole way, only peeling off at Charleston three days prior.

Six months later, with an extensive rebuilding almost complete, the war ended with Houston still in New York.

Houston received three battle stars for World War II service.

Capt. Behrens was relieved and was assigned duty as Commander, Naval Training Center Bainbridge, Maryland, and served there in the rank of Commodore.

Peacetime Showboat

Her repairs complete, our subject visited her namesake city just after VJ Day to show the flag and line the decks for Navy Week in October 1945. Besides, she needed to show the taxpayers and Bond buyers what they paid for back in 1942.

Crowd on shoreline along the Houston Ship Channel to welcome the USS Houston (CL-81) light cruiser during Navy Week, October 1945. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections. do66558f697

Civilians along the Houston Ship Channel welcome the USS Houston (CL-81) light cruiser during Navy Week, October 1945. Sailors in uniform line the decks. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections do26967446b

Civilians along the Houston Ship Channel welcome the USS Houston (CL-81) light cruiser during Navy Week. Sailors in uniform line the decks. The cruiser carries two new Curtiss SC-1 Seahawk floatplanes– a type that only entered service in October 1944– with their wings folded. University of Houston Libraries Special Collections do5460qs96s

From April to December 1946, Houston was sent on a European and Mediterranean cruise, visiting cities in Scandinavia, Portugal, Italy, and Egypt.

Stockholm. Ships include the elderly (circa 1915) 6,700-ton Swedish coastal battleship (Pansarskeppet) HSwMS Sverige along with the light cruiser sisters USS Houston and USS Little Rock (CL-92), while the new Gearing class destroyers USS Perry (DD-844), Glennon (DD-840), Warrington (DD-843) and Cone (DD-866) are arrayed at pier side and in the distance, along with Swedish jageren (destroyers). Eskaderbild.eskader på Stockholms Ström 11. Juli 1946. Sjöhistoriska museet. Fo219541

Following a second Med cruise with Cruiser Division 12 in 1947, upon returning to Philadelphia, Houston decommissioned 15 December 1947.

Placed in reserve, she swayed on Philly’s redlead row until, stricken from the Navy List on 1 March 1959, she was sold for scrap to Boston Metals on 1 June 1961 and scrapped.

Epilogue

The Clevelands, always overloaded and top-heavy despite their hard service and dependability, were poor choices for post-war service and most were laid up directly after VJ Day with only one, USS Manchester (CL-83), still in service as an all-gun cruiser past 1950, lingering until 1956 and seeing much Korean War duty, successfully completing three combat tours with no major battle damage.

Six went on to see further service as Galveston and Providence-class missile slingers after an extensive topside rebuild and remained in service through the 1970s. One of these, USS Little Rock (CL-92/CLG-4/CG-4) has been preserved at the Buffalo Naval & Military Park, the only Cleveland currently above water.

The third USS Houston has a marker at the National Museum of the Pacific War. 

She is remembered in maritime art and scale models.

Her war diaries and reports are digitized in the National Archives. 

Her 79-page war damage report is epic, noting:

That Houston survived two torpedo hits which produced a precarious stability condition, extensive flooding, serious loss of structural strength amidships and a severe gasoline fire is due for the most part to the intelligent approach of her personnel to the damage control problems with which they were confronted and the skill and perseverance with which they carried out the control measures initiated.

USS Houston (CL-81) Plate I, Torpedo Damage. Formosa. 14-16 Oct. 1944. Profile of Vessel Heeled 30° to Port

As for her wartime skipper, RADM Behrens retired from the Navy in 1947, capping a 30-year career across two World Wars. Not bad for a Mustang.

He earned a Navy Cross for his time on Houston:

“For extraordinary heroism as Commanding Officer of the USS Houston, during action against enemy Japanese forces off Formosa on October 14, 1944. With his ship dead in the water and listing violently in the heavy seas following an enemy aerial attack, Commodore (then Captain) Behrens remained steadfast and calm, efficiently directing damage control measures and the removal of personnel to other ships in the formation before his crippled ship was taken in tow by another cruiser. With his ship again under attack by hostile aircraft two days later, he inspired his officers and men to heroic effort, maintaining control and contributing in large measure to his ship’s successful return to a friendly port. By his valiant leadership, determination, and grave concern for the safety of his ship and her crew. Commodore Behrens upheld the highest traditions of the United States Naval Service.”

RADM Berhens passed in 1965 and is buried in Arlington, Sec: 2, Site 994-1

His son, VADM William Wholsen Behrens, Jr. (USNA 1943), survived WWII service in the Submarine Force with six war patrols and a Silver Star to prove it then was involved in 28 amphibious operations during Vietnam. He capped his service as the first head of the newly organized National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in 1972 and passed in 1986. He is also in Arlington. Good genes in that family.

The fourth USS Houston (SSN-713) was an early Flight I Los Angeles class hunter killer. Launched in 1981, this submarine was christened by Barbara Bush, wife of then Vice President George Bush which was appropriate as, while a Navy Avenger pilot (of a plane he named “Barbara”) in WWII, Bush crashed in the Pacific and was rescued by a submarine. The luckiest of her namesakes, she served a long career (33 years, 11 months, and 1 day) without loss and was decommissioned in 2016.

USS Houston (SSN-713) port quarter view of the nuclear-powered attack submarine USS Houston (SSN-713), foreground, and the aircraft carrier USS John F. Kenney (CV-67), background, departing Hampton Roads for a patrol. August 17, 1982. DN-ST-89-01391

The Navy desperately needs a fifth Houston, and maybe a first USS Behrens.

Ships are more than steel
and wood
And heart of burning coal,
For those who sail upon
them know
That some ships have a
soul.

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The Spanish 9mm Connection in Pulp Fiction

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One of the uncredited gun cameos that got the most screentime in writer-director Quentin Tarantino’s 1994 neo-noir classic is a humble M1911-look-alike 9mm pistol made by Star of Spain.

“Pulp Fiction’s” hitman-turned-newfound-Buddist Jules Winnfield, portrayed by Samuel L. Jackson, begins the film in a classic black suit and ends it in a borrowed T-shirt and shorts while holding on to his customized BMF wallet, Jhericurls, and nickel-plated 9mm Star Model B throughout the film.

The what?

More in my column at Guns.com.

Remembering Exmouth

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The E-class Flotilla Leader HMS Exmouth (H02) was the fourth RN ship to carry the name back to 1854.

HMS Exmouth in Belfast in 1937 (IWM HU 110300)

Constructed in Portsmouth in 1935 at a cost of over £330,000 under the 1931 Naval Programme, she had already had an active war in 1939, escorting no less than eight convoys before, while en route from Aberdeen to Scapa Flow on 21 January, she was struck by a torpedo fired from the early Type IIB submarine, U-22 (Karl-Heinrich Jenisch).

The destroyer sank quickly about 21 miles southeast of Noss Head in the Moray Firth, with a loss of 189 lives. There were no survivors. 

She was the first British surface ship lost with all hands during the war.

In a bit of karmic payback, U-22, with Jenisch still in command, went to the bottom just seven weeks later, with all hands.

The Admiralty reports that Exmouth’s broken wreck, some 170 feet down, has been surveyed and a White Ensign deposited on her remains.

Lt Cdr Jen Smith shines her torch on the White Ensign over the wreck of HMS Exmouth

A nameplate found in the wreckage of HMS Exmouth CREDIT ROYAL NAVY 131024

A sextant and chart house sign of HMS Exmouth CREDIT ROYAL NAVY 131024

LCDR Jen Smith said:

“190 souls were lost when HMS Exmouth went down, and only 18 bodies were recovered ashore – the majority of that crew were lost at sea.

“So, their legacy is the wreck itself, that is their final resting place.

“We need to ensure that the wreck stays preserved and remembered, so future generations can visit her or pay their respects to those who gave the greatest sacrifice.”

Of Banned Shooting Positions and Great Rifles

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Some 80 years ago today, in recently liberated Holland. “A sniper demonstrates the superior ‘Hawkins’ prone firing position (right) next to another in the standard position, at the 21st Army Group sniping school near Eindhoven, 15 October 1944.”

As detailed by the photo card in the Imperial War Museum penned by Sgt. Carpenter, No. 5 Army Film and Photo Section, Army Film and Photographic Unit, who took the image: “The Hawkins position was barred at Bisley after the originator won all the prizes using it. It is NOT barred in warfare!”

IWM (B 10972)

In the above, note the snipers’ tam o’ shanters or “tammies” complete with the badge of the 5th Battalion, Queen’s Own Cameron Highlanders, while their rifles are scoped Lee Enfield Number 4 Mark 1(T)s with the “T” for Telescope.

As noted by CaptainStevens, some 24,708 No.4 (T)s of all kinds were produced for the Commonwealth forces during the war, with most being BSA-made guns converted by Holland and Holland and subsequently fitted with the No. 32 MK I Scope and Mount from late 1942 well into 1946, a superb weapon that was later developed into the L42A1 sniper rifles that remained in service until 1992!

An excellent example of a late-WWII British Enfield No.4 Mk I (T) sniper rifle fitted with the correct and matching No 32 MKIII scope Via RIA https://www.rockislandauction.com/detail/70/2559/world-war-ii-british-no-4-mki-t-enfield-sniper-rifle#detail

Before the No. 4 (T)s creation, a variety of WWI sniper rifles were in use. These included:

  • Ross MK. III sniper rifle with Model of 1913 Warner & Swasey Musket Sight (sniper scope) or Winchester A5 scope for Canada
  • Pattern 1914 Mk. I W (F) [renamed in 1926 No. 3 MK. I (F)] with “Fine” iron sight
  • Pattern 1914 Mk. I* W (F) [renamed in 1926 No. 3 MK. I* (F)] with “Fine” iron sight
  • Pattern 1914 Mk. I* W (T) [renamed in 1926 No. 3 Mk. I* (T)] with Model 1918 scope
  • No. 3 Mk. I* (T) A with Aldis scope. 421 were converted by Alex. Martin in Glasgow

As for the Hawkins position, it is still banned at Bisley except for the McQueen C (classic) match, which, appropriately, is restricted to pre-1945 sniper rifles– sans optics, of course.

Suppressor Numbers Nearly Double in 3 Years

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Cans have come a long way in terms of popularity just in the past decade. Above, my SiCo Omega 36M modular multi-caliber suppressor on an FN-15. 

Data from Federal regulators show that the number of firearm suppressors, often called silencers, is climbing at an incredible rate. 

The ATF until 2020, detailed the number of NFA items such as suppressors and short-barreled rifles held on the agency’s National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record in the “Annual Firearms Commerce in the United States” report. In the past, this allowed media outlets like Guns.com to document the steady rise in suppressors in circulation, for instance from 900,000 in 2016 to 1.5 million in 2018.

However, the ATF stopped including the NFRTR numbers in the annual report starting in May 2021, in effect leaving the figures frozen in time at 2,664,774. 

This recently changed following a Freedom of Information Act request from the National Shooting Sports Foundation, the trade association for the American firearms industry. The group’s FOIA request uncovered that a whopping 4,857,897 NFA-compliant suppressors were in circulation as of June 2024, a jump of 82 percent from the 2021 figure.

This averages to nearly 60,000 new suppressors added to the NFRTR every month for the past three years. 

Seems like things are getting quieter. 

Flying Boat for the Win

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Late last month, the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force’s 31st Air Group, 71st Air Squadron, at Iwakuni Air Base conducted an emergency airlift of an injured individual from a Chinese oceanographic research vessel off the east coast of Ogasawara, that involved a waterborne landing of a huge ShinMaywa Industries US-2 seaplane.

With a 108-foot wingspan and 109-foot length, the US-2 has a maximum take-off weight of 52 tons. They can take off and land in about 1,100 feet of relatively calm (under 11-foot seas) water. With an operational range of 2,500nm, these birds could be invaluable in the Pacific littoral in future years.

There is a dramatic, if short, video of the big blue bird while waterborne.

Too bad the U.S. Navy decommissioned its last flying boat squadron in 1967 and the USGC put the shorter-legged Grumman HU-16 “Goat” out to pasture in 1983.

Worse, the JMSDF only has eight US-2s. 

Taking a page from AUKUS, there should be a program to spin up a squadron or two of commercial off-the-shelf US-2s in NAVAIR service, with future American aircrews training alongside the Japanese while the airframes are crafted. Heck, maybe the funding could even be offset via F-35 spending. Just saying.

It’s certainly more realistic than the daffy amphibious MC-130 fever dream that SOCCOM has been suffering from. 

Pour one out for Royal Oak today

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British ‘R’ class WW1 battleships at sea, 1930 HMSs Revenge, Ramillies, Royal Sovereign, and Resolution, taken from sister HMS Royal Oak

British battleships of the 1st Battle Squadron at sea on the morning of the German surrender, 21 November 1918. Inscribed by the artist, lower right, ‘Morning of German surrender’. This study of R-class battleships of the 1st Battle Squadron of the Grand Fleet is apparently taken from its flagship, HMS ‘Revenge’, on which Wyllie was a guest of Admiral Sir Charles Madden for a month at the time of the surrender and internment of the German High Seas Fleet. That being so, the ships shown are ‘Resolution’ immediately following, ‘Royal Sovereign’ and ‘Royal Oak’. http://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/125878 RMG PW1743

Some 85 years ago today, at 0104 hours on 14 October 1939, the Royal Sovereign/Revenge-class 15inch gunned dreadnought HMS Royal Oak (08)–– the last and largest battleship ever to be built at Devonport– was struck by the first of three German type G7e/2874 electric torpedoes fired by the early Type VIIB U-boat U-47 (Oblt. Günther Prien).

Anchored in the Northeast corner of Scapa Flow, some 1,500 yards south of the old seaplane carrier Pegasus (ex-Ark Royal), the Jutland veteran soon suffered an explosion that reached masthead height. By 0129– less than a half-hour after the first torpedo hit, she turned turtle and began to sink in 30 meters of cold water.

For what it’s worth, U-47, including KrvKpt. Prien and her 44 hands, went missing less than five months later on 7 March 1941 in the North Atlantic south of Iceland, while on her 10th war patrol.

Royal Oak was the only member of her class ever sunk and has been under fuel oil mitigation since 2003 while leaving the hull undisturbed.

Royal Navy divers visit the battleship every October to leave a new Ensign.

Scapa Flow buoy This marks the wreck of HMS Royal Oak and the grave of her crew. “Respect their resting place.” Unauthorized diving is prohibited.

In all, some 914 crew members, including RADM Henry Evelyn Charles Blagrove, 71 Royal Marines, and tragically no less than 134 boy seaman (most between the ages of 16-18) are among Royal Oak’s honored war dead.

The list:

ABBOTT, Stanley E, Engine Room Artificer 5c, P/MX 58507, MPK
ACKERMAN, Arthur G, Able Seaman, P/J 103230, MPK
ADAMS, William P, Leading Seaman, P/J 86379, MPK
AGNEW, Clement C W, Boy 1c, P/JX 159143, MPK
ALBERRY, Jack, Stoker 1c, P/KX 83975, MPK
ALLEN, Arthur F, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95680, MPK
ALLEN, Percy L, Leading Seaman, P/JX 131242, MPK
AMOS, Ernest J, Able Seaman, P/SSX 24800, MPK
ANDERSON, Edward, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 27561, MPK
ANDERSON, Henry L, Stoker 1c, P/KX 87601, MPK
ANDERSON, Robert F, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 158192, MPK
ANDERSON, William B, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27237, MPK
ANDERSON, William T, Marine, PO/X 2917, MPK
ANDREWS, Edward H, Act/Stoker Petty Officer, P/K 64055, MPK
ANDREWS, Gerald C, Boy Telegraphist, P/JX 156292, MPK
ANDREWS, Wilfred E, Boy 1c, P/JX 158327, MPK
ANNELL, Francis W, Boy 1c, P/JX 152396, MPK
ARMFIELD, Leslie, Marine, PO/X 2959, MPK
ARMITAGE, Frederick C, Mechanician, P/KX 78955, MPK
ARMSTRONG, George H S, Act/Petty Officer, P/J 111634, MPK
ARNO, Roland, Boy 1c, P/JX 157777, MPK
ASHBY, Kenneth, Boy 1c, P/JX 155914, MPK
ASHWIN, Albert W, Petty Officer Cook, P/M 38901, MPK
ATHERTON, James, Stoker 1c, P/KX 86791, MPK
ATHERTON, Norman, Stoker 1c, P/KX 87710, MPK
ATKINSON, John, Marine, PO/X 20804, MPK
ATKINSON, Thomas E, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27413, MPK
ATTARD, Francis, Petty Officer Cook (O), E/LX 20770, MPK
ATTARD, Lorenzo, Leading Steward, E/LX 21775, MPK
ATTFIELD, Henry G, Petty Officer, P/J 103119, MPK
AZZOPARDI, Anthony, Assistant Steward, E/LX 22321, MPK
BAIGENT, George H, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 261000, MPK
BAILEY, Charles W, Able Seaman, P/J 36444 Pens, MPK
BAILEY, Edward R, Boy 1c, P/JX 157908, MPK
BAIN, Robert, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27567, MPK
BAKER, Alfred E, Act/Stoker Petty Officer, P/KX 84729, MPK
BAKER, Arthur W, Leading Stoker, P/KX 82052, MPK
BAKER, William G M, Boy 1c, P/JX 157600, MPK
BALDWIN, Albert S, Signalman, P/J 99638, MPK
BALL, Raymond J N, Engine Room Artificer 5c, P/MX 51734, MPK
BALLARD, Eric F, Boy 1c, P/JX 159382, MPK
BALLS, Harold E, Captain, RM, MPK
BARBER, Albert S, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 30174, MPK
BARBER, Frank, Stoker 1c, P/KX 87605, MPK
BARGERY, Arthur E, Supply Assistant, P/MX 58562, MPK
BARKER, Edward H, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27304, MPK
BARNES-MOSS, Henry W, Boy 1c, P/JX 156915, MPK
BARNFATHER, Raymond A, Boy 1c, P/JX 15873, MPK
BARTLETT, Arthur, Marine, PO/ 22661, MPK
BARTOLO, John, Steward, E/LX 22088, MPK
BEALING, Frederick C, Petty Officer, P/JX 152580, MPK
BEANGE, James, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19722, MPK
BEDDALL, Harry, Able Seaman, RFR, P/SS 7973, MPK
BEDWELL, Hector W J, Plumber, P/MX 39026, MPK
BEECHEY, Arthur C, Marine, PO/X 2388, MPK
BEER, Alexander E, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27208, MPK
BELL, ROBERT W., Able Seaman, P/J 78102. MPK (also known as Robert W. Tuck)
BENDALL, Richard S J, Canteen Manager, NAAFI, MPK
BENNETT, William A B, Supply Chief Petty Officer, P/M 38223, MPK
BENNEY, Charles E, Electrical Artificer 1c, P/M 39104, killed
BESWICK, Henry W J, Able Seaman, P/SSX 21101, MPK
BETTS, Henry J, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95921, MPK
BETTS, William T, Able Seaman, RFR, P/J 86549, MPK
BILLYARD, Norman, Boy Signalman, P/JX 156019, MPK
BINNINGTON, Arthur, Boy 1c, P/JX 157612, MPK
BINNS, Frederick B, Able Seaman, P/J 99527, MPK
BINSLEY, George F, Able Seaman, RFR, P/J 101853, MPK
BIRTCHNELL, Cyril E, Able Seaman, P/JX 144815, MPK
BLACK, John, Boy 1c, P/JX 157437, MPK
BLACKBOROUGH, John W, Stoker 1c, P/KX 97396, MPK
BLAGROVE, Henry E C, Rear Admiral, MPK
BLENKIRON, Neil, Act/Engine Room Artificer 4c, P/MX 57565, MPK
BLOOD, Samuel, Boy 1c, P/JX 160587, MPK
BLYTH, Henry B, Able Seaman, P/SSX 20210, MPK
BOENING, John, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95950, MPK
BOLD, Percy W, Able Seaman, P/SSX 20080, MPK
BONELLO, Salvatore, Leading Steward, E/L 11922, MPK
BONNER, Walter C, Band Corporal, RMB 180, MPK
BORLAND, Alexander D, Engine Room Artificer 5c, P/MX 60113, MPK
BOTTOMLEY, Robert J, Sergeant, PO/X 22159, MPK
BOWDEN, Reginald C B, Able Seaman, P/JX 134358, MPK
BOWEN, Jack, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 149667, MPK
BOWHAY, William J R, Paymaster Midshipman, MPK
BOYD, Thomas A, Supply Assistant, P/MX 58559, MPK
BOYES, Louis S, Sailmaker’s Mate, P/J 113932, MPK
BOYLE, William, Leading Stoker, P/K 66789, MPK
BRADDICK, Arthur H, Leading Stoker, P/K 60237, killed
BRADING, Charles E, Boy 1c, P/JX 157767, MPK
BRAMLEY, Raymond J, Boy 1c, P/JX 158937, MPK
BRANCH, Hal, Supply Petty Officer, P/MX 46378, MPK
BRIDGES, James G C, Boy 1c, P/JX 157596, MPK
BRIGHT, Herbert, Marine, PO/ 216315, MPK
BRIGHTMAN, George R, Stoker Petty Officer, P/K 61794, MPK
BRISCOE, Edmund J, Able Seaman, P/J 97597, MPK
BRITTON, Thomas F, Able Seaman, P/J 115551, MPK
BROOKIN, James F, Marine, PO/X 2950, MPK
BROUGHTON, Alick E, Marine, PO/X 3041, MPK
BROWN, Alfred G, Leading Seaman, P/J 100430, MPK
BROWN, Dennis A J, Stoker 2c, P/KX 97906, MPK
BROWN, Harold, Able Seaman, P/SSX 21997, MPK
BROWN, Henry W, Petty Officer, P/J 93823, MPK
BROWN, John, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19671, MPK
BRYMER, Ernest A, Boy 1c, P/JX 158209, MPK
BUCKETT, Stanley V, Ordnance Artificer 2c, P/MX 5599, killed
BUCKNALL, Arthur G, Able Seaman, P/J 103007, MPK
BUDGE, John, Boy 1c, P/JX 158257, MPK
BULL, Alan N, Shipwright 5c, P/MX 59124, MPK
BURDEN, Arthur E, Act/Petty Officer, P/J 111687, MPK
BURNHAM, Peter, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 26573, MPK
BURNS, Arthur, Able Seaman, P/SSX 20759, MPK
BURNS, John E, Corporal, PO/X 550, MPK
BURROWS, Robert W, Stoker 1c, P/KX 87984, MPK
BURT, Ernest H A, Leading Signalman, P/JX 126157, MPK
BURTENSHAW, Clifford H, Able Seaman, P/J 43323, MPK
BURTON, John W, Act/Leading Stoker, P/KX 84054, MPK
BUTLER, Albert A, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95683, MPK
BUTLER, Albert E, Marine, PO/X 1365, MPK
BUTLER, Albert E, Stoker 1c, P/K 62461, MPK
BYDAWELL, Leonard R J, Electrical Artificer 4c, P/MX 54996, MPK
CACHIA, Joseph, Leading Steward, E/LX 20812, MPK
CAIRNS, John, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 27560, MPK
CAMPBELL, Charles N, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27233, MPK
CAMPBELL, Donald, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27150, MPK
CAMPSIE, Charles, Able Seaman, P/JX 142702, MPK
CANNON, Robert J, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19985, MPK
CAPEL, Charles W, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95166, MPK
CARD, Albert R W, Boy 1c, P/JX 159112, MPK
CARNEGIE, Alexander K, Act/Leading Seaman, P/SSX 16142, MPK
CARPENTER, Edwin G, Shipwright 4c, P/MX 54106, MPK
CARR, Frank C, Steward, C/LX 21729, MPK
CARTER, Gordon W, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19717, MPK
CARTER, John, Leading Stoker, P/K 60886, MPK
CARTER, Rowland W H, Able Seaman, P/JX 134480, MPK
CARTER, William F, Seaman, RNR, P/X 20597 A, MPK
CARTWRIGHT, Wilfred, Engine Room Artificer 1c, P/M 34467, MPK
CASS, Leonard, Act/Leading Seaman, P/JX 132259, MPK
CAST, Reuben J, Ordinary Signalman, P/SSX 27808, MPK
CASTLEMAN, Harry, Able Seaman, P/J 102650, MPK
CHADWICK, John C, Chief Engine Room Artificer 2c, P/M 22651, MPK
CHADWICK, Thomas, Able Seaman, RFR, P/J 46739, MPK
CHALK, Ronald G, Ordinary Signalman, P/JX 154932, MPK
CHALLENGER, Albert L, Able Seaman, P/SSX 16728, MPK
CHAPPELL, William G, Petty Officer, P/J 99140, MPK
CHEESLEY, Wilfred H G, Act/Warrant Engineer, MPK
CHESMAN, William E, Leading Stoker, P/KX 82405, MPK
CHICK, Alan, Engine Room Artificer 5c, P/MX 51742, MPK
CHURCH, Ovidio, Assistant Steward, E/LX 23166, MPK
CLACHER, William H, Boy 1c, P/JX 159105, MPK
CLACKSON, Ronald G, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 26095, MPK
CLARK, Alan J, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 153775, MPK
CLARK, Albert H, Sick Berth Attendant, P/MX 57804, MPK
CLARK, Frederick H, Boy 1c, P/JX 15896, MPK
CLARK, John, Able Seaman, P/JX 145699, MPK
CLARK, Ralph L W, Lieutenant (E), killed
CLARKE, Francis H, Stoker 1c, P/KX 90017, MPK
CLARKE, Robert E, Stoker Petty Officer, P/K 59906, MPK
CLEMENTS, Ernest F J, Marine, PO/X 1927, MPK
CLEMENTSON, John, Able Seaman, P/SSX 20373, MPK
CLOUTE, Edward C, Master At Arms, P/M 39838, MPK
COCK, Clarence H, Lieutenant (E), MPK
COFFIN, Leonard J, Able Seaman, RFR, P/J 14757, MPK
COLBOURNE, Frank E, Leading Stoker, P/K 59274, MPK
COLBOURNE, James W F, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27563, MPK
COLBRAN, Percy, Able Seaman, RFR, P/J 48784, MPK
COLEMAN, Edward W, Able Seaman, P/J 53167, MPK
COLEMAN, Jack A, Boy Telegraphist, P/JX 156277, MPK
COLEMAN, Maurice G N, Boy Telegraphist, P/JX 156747, MPK
COLLINS, George A, Boy 1c, P/JX 157880, MPK
COLLINS, Robert, Leading Sick Berth Attendant, P/MX 50880, MPK
COMBER, Albert E B, Petty Officer, P/J 110072, MPK
CONNOR, Fred, Act/Stoker Petty Officer, P/KX 96550, MPK
CONNOR, Reginald J, Able Seaman, P/JX 140996, MPK
CONROY, Frank, Leading Stoker, P/KX 83434, MPK
COOK, George J, Able Seaman, P/SSX 24798, MPK
COOKE, Frederick A, Engine Room Artificer 5c, P/MX 59082, MPK
COOPER, Leslie L, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19680, MPK
COOPER, Norman, Able Seaman, P/SSX 20068, MPK
COPE, John R, Act/Leading Seaman, P/JX 152707, MPK
CORNELIOUS, Kenneth T, Boy 1c, P/JX 159083, MPK
CORNELIUS, Herbert J, Py/Surgeon Lieutenant, RNVR, MPK
CORNISH, Charles F, Able Seaman, P/J 49960, MPK
COUSINS, Hubert J, Supply Assistant, P/MX 58596, MPK
COX, Edwin, Boy 1c, P/JX 156605, MPK
CRAGG, Walter, Boy 1c, P/JX 158587, MPK
CRAVEN, Arthur, Ordinary Telegraphist, P/SSX 25730, MPK
CREE, James B D, Chaplain, MPK
CROCKETT, John S, Leading Stoker, P/K 60176, MPK
CROFTS, Edward A, Engine Room Artificer 4c, P/MX 49178, MPK
CROSS, Eric V A, Engine Room Artificer 5c, P/MX 58964, MPK
CROSSWELL, Walter H, Yeoman of Signals, P/J 93096, MPK
CUMBES, Ronald W, Stoker 1c, P/KX 88437, MPK
CUMMING, Leslie T J, Marine, PO/X 588, MPK
CUMMINGS, Harry, Ordnance Artificer 1c, P/M 30403, MPK
CUNNINGHAM, Edward W, Corporal, PO/X 483, MPK
CURTIN, Cornelius, Stoker 1c, P/KX 88327, MPK
CURTIS, Herbert H W, Petty Officer Cook, P/MX 45150, MPK
CUTLER, Joseph A, Blacksmith 5c, P/MX 58970, MPK
DANIELS, George, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95934, MPK
DARNELL, George T, Boy 1c, P/JX 158214, MPK
DAUGHTREY, Albert, Able Seaman, P/J 111527, MPK
DAVEY, Cecil B, Supply Chief Petty Officer, P/M 30765, MPK
DAVIE, Richard C, Leading Supply Assistant, P/MX 51123, MPK
DAVIES, Herbert R, Marine, PO/X 1408, MPK
DAVIES, Mervyn C, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 26707, MPK
DAVIS, Joseph F, Able Seaman, P/SSX 15387, MPK
DAVIS, Robert E, Able Seaman, P/SSX 21139, MPK
DAYSH, Alan, Canteen Assistant, NAAFI, MPK
DEACON, William J, Stoker 1c, P/KX 90485, MPK
DEAR, Alfred J, Sergeant, PO/ 22637, MPK
DEIGHTON, Ernest C, Stoker 1c, P/KX 85503, MPK
DERBYSHIRE, Ronald, Act/Leading Seaman, P/JX 125355, MPK
DERRY, John O H, Boy 1c, P/JX 157256, MPK
DIAPER, Stanley T, Leading Cook, P/MX 48944, MPK
DICKIE, William A, Surgeon Lieutenant (D), MPK
DOE, Sidney P, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95684, MPK
DOGGETT, Ivor E, Able Seaman, P/JX 149799, MPK
DOWDING, Percy W G, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 26092, MPK
DOWNES, Arthur F, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95851, MPK
DRAPER, Basil H, Leading Seaman, P/JX 129857, MPK
DRUCE, Albert E, Stoker 2c, P/KX 96940, MPK
DUNCALF, Thomas, Able Seaman, P/SSX 137746, MPK
DUNK, Charles A, Chief Mechanician, P/K 55420, MPK
DUNK, William W, Boy 1c, P/JX 157915, MPK
DYER, Henry, Able Seaman, P/JX 115887, MPK
EADE, James H, Shipwright 4c, P/MX 54409, MPK
EASTON, Francis, Boy 1c, P/JX 158579, MPK
EDE, Frank, Leading Stoker, P/KX 81595, MPK
EDWARDS, Arthur, Stoker 1c, P/KX 89502, MPK
EDWARDS, James F, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 25897, MPK
EDWARDS, Rhobert G, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27416, MPK
EDWARDS, Walter R A T, Able Seaman, P/JX 131451, MPK
EFEMEY, Ronald B, Signalman, P/JX 141588, MPK
ELLIOTT, Robert, Stoker 1c, P/KX 86265, MPK
ELTRINGHAM, Norman, Painter, P/MX 51661, MPK
EMERY, Alfred, Cook, P/MX 54622, MPK
EMERY, Frank C, Chief Petty Officer, P/J 81318, MPK
EVANS, Bernard, Marine, PO/X 2951, MPK
EVANS, Joseph E, Able Seaman, P/J 90199, MPK
EYERS, Charles E, Boy Signalman, P/JX 155943, MPK
FAIRBROTHER, James W, Boy 1c, P/JX 159190, MPK
FARR, Ernest W, Chief Petty Officer Stoker, P/K 56117, MPK
FARRELL, Robert, Ordinary Seaman, RNVR, P/UD/X 1510, MPK
FENN, Theodore R P, Act/Leading Seaman, P/JX 140460, MPK
FINLAY, Matthew B, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19669, MPK
FISHER, Billie L, Able Seaman, P/JX 137936, MPK
FISHER, James B, Leading Stoker, P/KX 79148, MPK
FITCH, Charles E, Signalman, P/J 82366, MPK
FLOGDELL, Albert E, Marine, PO/X 2572, MPK
FLOUNDERS, Alexander, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27295, MPK
FORD, William J, Able Seaman, P/JX 144165, MPK
FORSEY, Horace S, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 148901, MPK
FOSTER, Donald C D, Leading Seaman, P/JX 129769, MPK
FOSTER, George W, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 25972, MPK
FOULGER, Arthur, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19964, MPK
FOWLER, John W, Marine, PO/X 1578, MPK
FOYLE, Archie A, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27282, MPK
FRANCIS, Hubert A, Able Seaman, P/JX 142485, MPK
FRANCKEISS, Edward L, Act/Petty Officer, P/J 113184, killed
FRENCH, Charles, Able Seaman, P/JX 137374, MPK
FULLER, Charles W, Able Seaman, P/JX 127659, MPK
FURBEAR, Thomas G, Sergeant, PO/X 841, MPK
FURBY, Edwin A, Boy 1c, P/JX 158407, MPK
FURLONG, John, Ordinary Telegraphist, P/SSX 25720, MPK
FURNELL, Leslie T, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19711, MPK
GALLAGHER, John W, Act/Leading Stoker, P/KX 84271, MPK
GIBBONS, John A, Able Seaman, P/J 81797, MPK
GIBSON, Gordon, Boy 1c, P/JX 157592, MPK
GIBSON, Sidney J, Marine, PO/X 2952, MPK
GILES, William H, Stoker 1c, P/KX 86757, MPK
GILL, George E, Stoker 1c, P/KX 88429, MPK
GILL, Harold W, Leading Stoker, P/KX 76025, MPK
GILLIS, George W, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27410, MPK
GIUSTI, Ignazio, Leading Steward, E/LX 15022, MPK
GLASSPOOL, Harry, Leading Stoker, P/K 57401, MPK
GODLEY, Sidney G, Stoker 1c, P/K 57546, MPK
GODWIN, Thomas G, Act/Leading Telegraphist, D/JX 133888, MPK
GODWIN, William, Able Seaman, P/J 80870, MPK
GOLDING, Arthur J, Bandmaster, RMB 2745, killed
GOODYER, Joseph C, Officers’ Chief Cook, P/L 2529, MPK
GORSUCH, Ernest D, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95926, MPK
GOUGH, Edwin J, Stoker 1c, P/KX 86102, MPK
GOUGH, Thomas E, Boy 1c, P/JX 158441, MPK
GOURLAY, James R G M, Able Seaman, P/JX 143524, MPK
GOWAN, Jack D, Boy 1c, P/JX 158481, MPK
GRACE, Victor M, Writer, P/MX 55769, MPK
GRAHAM, George M, Boy 1c, P/JX 157590, MPK
GRAHAM, Philip W C, Midshipman, MPK
GRAHAM, Samuel, Seaman, RNR, P/X 7150 C, MPK
GRAHAM-BROWN, John L T, Sub Lieutenant, MPK
GRAY, Alexander S, Boy 1c, P/JX 158263, MPK
GRAY, Edward, Able Seaman, P/JX 130468, MPK
GRAY, Harry W, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27545, MPK
GRECH, Joseph, Assistant Steward, E/LX 22806, MPK
GREEN, Albert F, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 26104, MPK
GREEN, Frank, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19729, MPK
GREEN, Roy, Musician, RMB/X 749, MPK
GREENWOOD, Leonard, Able Seaman, P/SSX 20436, MPK
GRIFFIN, Harry, Boy 1c, P/JX 159273, MPK
GRIFFITHS, Edward J, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19672, MPK
GRIFFITHS, James R, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 158039, MPK
GRINDLEY, Arnold E, Marine, PO/X 3064, MPK
GROGAN, John, Marine, PO/X 2556, MPK
GUTTERIDGE, Ronald G N, Boy 1c, P/JX 155329, MPK
GUY, Robert, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 158072, MPK
HALES, Joseph, Officers’ Cook 2c, E/L 12226, MPK
HALL, Harry J, Plumber 4c, P/MX 51631, MPK
HALL, Joseph, Petty Officer, P/JX 125239, MPK
HALL, Kenneth E, Marine, PO/X 2676, MPK
HALL, William R, Boy 1c, P/JX 158939, MPK
HAMBLIN, George A, Marine, PO/ 22591, MPK
HAMBLIN, Herbert J, Able Seaman, P/J 50281, MPK
HAMMOND, John S, Leading Cook, P/MX 49962, MPK
HAMMOND, Wilfred L, Petty Officer Steward, P/L 15087, MPK
HANCE, Travis R, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 26045, MPK
HARKIN, Phillip R, Leading Seaman, P/J 129706, MPK
HARLE, George, Marine, PO/X 2760, MPK
HARLEY, John A H, Act/Leading Signalman, D/J 69269, MPK
HARPER, Richard R J, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27296, MPK
HARRIS, George J, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27423, MPK
HARRIS, Kenneth J, Writer, D/MX 59821, MPK
HARRIS, Norman H, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 26053, MPK
HARRIS, Percy W, Act/Leading Seaman, P/J 10161, MPK
HAWKINS, Kenneth R J, Boy 1c, P/JX 159111, MPK
HAWKINS, Walter J, Stoker 1c, P/KX 86612, MPK
HAYES, Thomas, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95662, MPK
HAYWARD, Jasper G, Boy 1c, P/JX 157760, MPK
HEATHER, Charles W, Able Seaman, P/JX 140720, MPK
HELMORE, William L, Petty Officer, P/J 99995, MPK
HEMESTRETCH, Charles W, Boy 1c, P/JX 158405, MPK
HEMSLEY, Charles F, Marine, PO/X 2798, MPK
HEMSTRIDGE, Cecil, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95865, MPK
HESLOP, Cuthbert, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27279, MPK
HICKS, Albert E, Able Seaman, P/J 84408, MPK
HIGGINS, John I, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19372, MPK
HIGGS, Harold H, Leading Stoker, P/KX 77576, MPK
HIGHFIELD, Joseph E, Act/Engine Room Artificer 4c, P/MX 56195, MPK
HILL, Albert, Able Seaman, P/SSX 20207, MPK
HILL, Donald, Shipwright 4c, P/MX 55747, MPK
HILL, Douglas, Stoker 1c, P/KX 89512, MPK
HILL, Ernest F, Stoker 1c, P/KX 88294, MPK
HILL, Samuel, Ordnance Artificer 4c, P/MX 54584, MPK
HILLIER, Charles W, Ordnance Artificer 2c, P/M 37686, MPK
HINGSTON, Eric, Act/Leading Seaman, P/J 130609, MPK
HISCOCK, Frederick J, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27550, MPK
HIXSON, Herbert H, Boy 1c, P/JX 158383, MPK
HOCKING, John R, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95687, MPK
HODGSON, Alan R, Signalman, D/JX 144607, MPK
HODGSON, James S, Boy 1c, P/JX 157463, MPK
HOLLAND, Cecil, Ordnance Artificer 4c, P/MX 53671, MPK
HOLYOAK, Edward, Boy 1c, P/JX 157154, MPK
HOTTON, Lewis W J, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95653, MPK
HUDSON, Frederick H J, Engine Room Artificer 5c, P/MX 56982, MPK
HUDSON, John S, Signalman, P/SSX 16093, MPK
HUGGINS, Henry S, Leading Stoker, P/KX 75387, MPK
HUGHES, Frederick E, Boy 1c, P/JX 157826, MPK
HUGHES, Thomas, Able Seaman, P/J 91758, MPK
HUGHES-ROWLANDS, Richard, Commissioned Telegraphist, killed
HULL, Ernest C, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95290, MPK
HULL, Raymond G, Leading Telegraphist, P/JX 137282, MPK
HUMBER, John F, Boy 1c, P/JX 157890, MPK
HUNT, Albert V, Stoker 1c, P/KX 87193, MPK
HUNT, Edward G, Petty Officer, P/JX 132394, MPK
HUNTER, Frank, Leading Seaman, P/J 92755, MPK
HUNTER, James, Marine, PO/X 3142, MPK
HURST, Frank, Electrical Artificer 4c, P/MX 54704, MPK
HUSCROFT, Robert W, Cook, P/MX 57241, MPK
HUSSEY-YEO, Arthur L, Able Seaman, P/JX 127000, MPK
HUTCHCOCKS, Tom, Able Seaman, P/JX 141424, MPK
HYDE, Alexander J, Leading Supply Assistant, P/MX 54623, MPK
HYDE, George W, Act/Leading Stoker, P/KX 83528, MPK
ING, Ronald C, Ordinary Telegraphist, P/SSX 25722, MPK
JACK, James D M, Stoker 1c, P/KX 86761, MPK
JACKMAN, John J, Able Seaman, P/JX 134910, MPK
JACKSON, Lawrence T D, Able Seaman, P/SSX 20647, MPK
JACKSON, Thomas W B, Ordinary Telegraphist, P/SSX 25724, killed
JACOBS, Walter A C, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95859, MPK
JAGO, Leslie, Ordinary Telegraphist, P/JX 156975, MPK
JAMES, Leslie J, Boy 1c, P/JX 158601, MPK
JAMES, Roland, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 25886, MPK
JAMES, Verdun L, Marine, PO/X 1421, MPK
JAY, Vernon G U, Cadet, MPK
JELLEY, Lesley J, Boy 1c, P/JX 157876, MPK
JENKINS, Eric J A, Engine Room Artificer 3c, P/MX 48229, MPK
JENKINS, Thomas S, Stoker 1c, P/KX 79383, MPK
JENNINGS, Russel E, Boy 1c, P/JX 157923, MPK
JEWELL, Arthur, Able Seaman, P/J 92301, MPK
JEWER, Sydney A, Corporal, PO/X 2009, MPK
JOBSON, James B, Leading Seaman, P/J 114586, MPK
JOHNS, Percival H M, Chief Electrical Artificer 2c, P/M 38580, MPK
JOHNSON, Frederick H W P, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95594, MPK
JOHNSON, Thomas M, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 25867, MPK
JOHNSTON, Alexander J, Able Seaman, P/J 82381, MPK
JONES, Charles E, Steward, D/LX 21744, MPK
JONES, Harry, Boy 1c, P/JX 157056, MPK
JONES, Henry G, Able Seaman, P/JX 141049, MPK
JONES, Sidney W, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27952, MPK
JONES, Thomas J, Boy 1c, P/JX 158938, MPK
JORDAN, Frederick, Petty Officer Telegraphist, P/J 90355, MPK
JORDAN, Henry D, Corporal, PO/X 930, MPK
JUDGE, Peter R, Able Seaman, P/J 111868, MPK
KANE, Raymond C, Marine, PO/X 3015, MPK
KEARY, Arthur, Leading Supply Assistant, P/MX 51127, MPK
KEEL, Jack, Marine, PO/X 1736, MPK
KEEL, William, Act/Engine Room Artificer 4c, P/MX 59117, MPK
KEMP, Lewis H, Act/Ordnance Artificer 4c, P/MX 55921, MPK
KEMPSTER, Arthur, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27412, MPK
KENNEDY, Richard H, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27280, MPK
KENNEDY, William T, Petty Officer, P/J 132255, MPK
KENNETT, Ernest H, Chief Petty Officer Stoker, P/K 61050, MPK
KENT, Herbert A J, Marine, PO/ 20891, MPK
KENWORTHY, James, Able Seaman, P/SSX 18204, MPK
KERSEY, Henry A, Petty Officer, P/J 97949, MPK
KIDBY, William F, Supply Petty Officer, P/MX 45898, MPK
KING, Cyril E M, Able Seaman, P/SSX 15872, MPK
KING, Frederick W, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95920, MPK
KING, William L, Marine, PO/X 2889, MPK
KIRKBY, Desmond E, Boy 1c, P/JX 155948, MPK
KNIGHT, Geoffrey E W, Boy 1c, P/JX 157202, MPK
LABAN, Kenneth G, Boy 1c, P/JX 158866, MPK
LARDNER, Frederick M, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 24802, MPK
LAWRENCE, James E, Marine, PO/X 3128, MPK
LEACH, Eric C, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95656, MPK
LENZ, Bernard H, Canteen Assistant, NAAFI, MPK
LESTER, Robert, Boy 1c, P/JX 158468, MPK
LEWIS, Clifford E, Marine, PO/X 2864, MPK
LEWIS, Donald J, Boy 1c, P/JX 159120, MPK
LIDDELL, Robert, Act/Leading Stoker, P/KX 84334, MPK
LILLEY, Harold G, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95861, MPK
LIPTROT, Frederick, Leading Cook, P/MX 49455, MPK
LISTER, Harvey G, Boy 1c, P/JX 158887, MPK
LITTLEJOHN, James B M, Ordinary Telegraphist, P/SSX 25727, MPK
LLOYD, Ronald G, Stoker 1c, P/KX 85406, MPK
LLOYDS, Sidney R N, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95856, MPK
LOATS, Thomas R, Electrical Artificer 3c, P/MX 47370, MPK
LOCK, Leslie F, Engine Room Artificer 4c, P/MX 54369, MPK
LOCKWOOD, William, Stoker 1c, P/K 588886, MPK
LOGAN, Frank, Able Seaman, P/J 111301, MPK
LONG, Arthur, Marine, PO/X 2878, MPK
LOWERY, David, Act/Leading Stoker, P/KX 80824, MPK
LYNCH, Hugh C, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 157285, MPK
LYONS, John, Able Seaman, RFR, P/J 101188, MPK
MACANGUS, Donald, Seaman, RNR, P/X 19367 A, MPK
MACDERMOTT, Antony D, Cadet, killed
MACKINNON, Donald, Boy 1c, P/JX 159078, MPK
MACREADY, James A, Boy 1c, P/JX 157296, MPK
MAHER, Christopher, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27543, MPK
MALYON, Sydney H, Leading Stoker, P/K 66951, killed
MAMO, Francis, Officers’ Cook 2c, E/L 6426, MPK
MANGION, John P, Petty Officer Steward, E/LX 20458, MPK
MANNING, James, Stoker 1c, P/KX 85396, MPK
MANSFIELD, William H, Stoker 1c, P/KX 87490, MPK
MANWARING, Douglas, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 25253, MPK
MANWARING, William R, Stoker 1c, P/KX 81251, MPK
MARSH, James W, Marine, PO/ 21181, MPK
MARSH, Owen F, Corporal, PO/ 22158, MPK
MARSHALL, Frederick, Boy 1c, P/JX 158482, MPK
MARTIN, Edward J, Midshipman, MPK
MARTIN, Horace J, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 154873, MPK
MARTIN, Leonard G, Boy 1c, P/JX 159173, MPK
MATFIELD, Albert H, Marine, PO/X 3136, MPK
MATHER, George, Act/Cook, P/MX 56974, MPK
MATHEWS-SHEEN, Thomas, Leading Seaman, P/JX 150561, MPK
MATTHEWS, Francis H, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 158095, MPK
MCARTHUR, Archibald, Engine Room Artificer 5c, P/MX 60114, MPK
MCBAIN, Donald, Cook, P/MX 56184, MPK
MCBROWN, Ralph S, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95854, MPK
MCDONALD, Albert, Boy 1c, P/JX 158570, MPK
MCGIBBON, Thomas H, Ordinary Seaman, RNVR, P/UD/X 1391, MPK
MCGREGOR, George D, Stoker 1c, P/KX 88050, MPK
MCGREGOR, Robert, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 26301, MPK
MCLAREN, William, Boy 1c, P/JX 158506, MPK
MCLENNAN, Alexander J, Stoker 1c, P/KX 84974, MPK
MCMILLAN, George A, Boy 1c, P/JX 159096, MPK
MCPHERSON, Charles J, Marine, PO/X 2218, MPK
MCTAGGART, Duncan, Ordinary Telegraphist, P/SSX 24564, MPK
MEADEN, Frederick E B, Chief Petty Officer Stoker, P/K 60273, MPK
MEDLEY, Bertie, Act/Leading Seaman, P/JX 135922, MPK
MELLOR, Sidney, Stoker 1c, P/KX 88438, MPK
MERIFIELD, William J, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19204, MPK
MIDDLETON, Andrew F C, Boy 1c, P/JX 157019, MPK
MILBORN, Philip, Boy 1c, P/JX 160588, MPK
MILES, Alfred W S, Boy 1c, P/JX 157754, MPK
MILES, Arthur, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 26941, MPK
MILES, Ewart H, Marine, PO/ 21396, MPK
MILES, Patrick, Boy 1c, P/JX 158631, MPK
MILFORD, Albert E, Able Seaman, RFR, P/J 108786, MPK
MILLER, Albert E, Boy 1c, P/JX 158589, MPK
MILLER, Joseph H, Able Seaman, P/SSX 18397, MPK
MILLIGAN, John J McI, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 26419, MPK
MILLIS, Ronald, Marine, PO/X 2873, MPK
MILLMORE, Francis, Petty Officer, P/J 102821, MPK
MILNES, Ronald W, Boy 1c, P/JX 158116, killed
MINNS, Frederick A, Boy 1c, P/JX 157931, MPK
MIRFIN, George D, Marine, PO/X 3091, MPK
MITCHELL, John H, Shipwright 2c, P/M 38662, MPK
MITCHELL, John S, Boy 1c, P/JX 154752, MPK
MOAR, James W, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95674, MPK
MOFFAT, James B, Marine, PO/X 3038, MPK
MOONEY, Paul, Cook, P/MX 56481, MPK
MOORE, Irving, Able Seaman, P/SSX 15878, MPK
MOORE, John E, Lieutenant, killed
MOORE, Leonard G, Marine, PO/ 20158, MPK
MOORE, William J, Chief Petty Officer, P/J 96299, MPK
MOREY, Francis J M, Leading Seaman, P/JX 132152, MPK
MORRIS, Charles H, Able Seaman, P/J 06035, MPK
MORRISON, James, Boy 1c, P/JX 157031, MPK
MORRISON, Joseph, Sergeant, PO/X 672, MPK
MORSE, David L G, Boy 1c, P/JX 154996, MPK
MOSES, Leonard D, Marine, PO/X 2758, MPK
MOSLEY, James H, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 154557, MPK
MOULD, Reginald W, Able Seaman, P/J 96164, MPK
MOUNTAIN, Francis, Able Seaman, P/JX 140052, MPK
MOUNTFORD, Harry C L, Bugler, PO/X 2262, MPK
MOYLAN, Thomas, Able Seaman, P/J 94942, MPK
MULLEN, Thomas G, Ordnance Artificer 3c, P/MX 51028, MPK
MULLIN, Christopher T, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27407, MPK
MUNRO, John, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 157163, MPK
MURPHY, Peter, Signalman Boy, P/JX 155203, MPK
MURPHY, Thomas, Stoker 1c, P/KX 91411, MPK
MURRAY, William R, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95899, MPK
MUTLOW, Leslie C, Stoker 1c, P/KX 85555, MPK
MYERS, George E, Marine, PO/X 151, MPK
NAISBY, Thomas F, Leading Seaman, P/JX 131082, MPK
NEEDHAM, Eric, Ordinary Signalman, P/SSX 25069, MPK
NEWMAN, Walter H, Marine, PO/ 214643, MPK
NEWNHAM, Ernest E, Act/Leading Seaman, P/JX 126947, MPK
NEWNHAM, Keith G, Signalman, P/JX 144850, MPK
NEWSHAM, Harold, Boy 1c, P/JX 15933, MPK
NEWSOME, George, Marine, PO/X 2552, MPK
NIBLETT, Charles H, Marine, PO/X 1712, MPK
NICHOL, Gerald, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19330, MPK
NICHOLS, Arthur H, Shipwright 1c, P/M 35192, MPK
NICHOLSON, William D, Act/Petty Officer, P/JX 125169, MPK
NIXON, Harry, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95262, MPK
NUTTALL, Francis R M, Stoker 1c, P/KX 83842, MPK
O’BRIEN, Arthur E, Leading Seaman, P/J 89832, MPK
OFFER, Charles H, Able Seaman, P/JX 142039, MPK
OGDEN, Gordon R, Boy 1c, P/JX 159104, MPK
OSBORNE, Thomas G, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95901, MPK
O’SHEA, Michael, Canteen Assistant, NAAFI, MPK
OVERTON, John J, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27548, MPK
OXLEY, George R, Act/Petty Officer, P/JX 128126, MPK
OXLEY, Harry, Able Seaman, P/SSX 21053, MPK
PAICE, Harold F, Colour Sergeant, PO/ 216276, MPK
PALFREYMAN, Joseph, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95850, MPK
PALMER, Charles J, Able Seaman, P/J 101960, MPK
PALMER, George J, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95678, MPK
PAPE, Eric W A S, Leading Supply Assistant, P/MX 55400, MPK
PARK, Albert A, Stoker 1c, P/K 59438, MPK
PARKER, Albert G, Able Seaman, P/JX 138168, MPK
PARKER, James, Marine, PO/X 294, MPK
PARKER, Ronald T, Marine, PO/X 1450, MPK
PARKINSON, George H, Chief Ordnance Artificer 1c, P/M 35427, MPK
PARR, William A, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95937, MPK
PARRISH, William H, Engine Room Artificer 4c, P/MX 51193, MPK
PARRY, George J, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19098, MPK
PARSONS, George E, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95858, MPK
PARTLETT, Edwin G, Marine, PO/X 847, MPK
PATCH, Denis G, Boy 1c, P/J 159119, MPK
PATERSON, Walter D, Able Seaman, P/SSX 20750, MPK
PATTERSON, Norman M, Midshipman, MPK
PAUL, Leslie W C, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95907, MPK
PEARSON, Alfred R, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 151198, MPK
PENNEL, John A, Marine, PO/X 3117, MPK
PENNYCORD, John A, Leading Stoker, P/K 66257, MPK
PERCY, Kenneth B, Boy 1c, P/JX 157749, MPK
PERKINS, Ernest E G, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95857, MPK
PERKINS, Reginald J, Boy Telegraphist, P/JX 154704, MPK
PERRY, Dennis W, Boy 1c, P/JX 157775, MPK
PESCI, Emmanuel, Cook (O), E/LX 22099, MPK
PETERS, Edward R, Stoker Petty Officer, P/K 66790, MPK
PETERS, George, Boy 1c, P/JX 157762, MPK
PHELPS, Cyril E, Leading Telegraphist, D/J 114261, MPK
PHIPPS, Charles P, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 155858, MPK
PICKARD, Sydney E, Steward, D/LX 21755, MPK
PIDDINGTON, Peter G, Midshipman, MPK
PIERSON, Albert J, Act/Leading Seaman, P/JX 139301, MPK
PIKE, Albert C, Marine, PO/X 1148, MPK
PILKINGTON, Harold, Act/Stoker Petty Officer, P/KX 76666, MPK
PINE, Bertie, Chief Petty Officer Writer, D/M 38954, MPK
PITKIN, Frederick, Leading Seaman, RNVR, P/LD/X 371, MPK
POLLARD, Geoffrey R, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 154997, MPK
POLLARD, George C, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95936, MPK
POPE, George A, Petty Officer, P/JX 128921, MPK
PORTER, Ebenezer R, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27298, MPK
PORTER, Henry W, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19615, MPK
PORTER, Jack S, Shipwright 4c, P/MX 54444, MPK
POTTER, Arthur, Boy 1c, P/JX 159658, MPK
POTTER, Stanley, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27414, MPK
POTTLE, Robin V T, Boy Telegraphist, P/JX 153772, MPK
POULTER, Richard, Ordinary Signalman, P/JX 155715, MPK
POWELL, Arthur, Commissioned Gunner (T), MPK
POWELL, William D, Boy 1c, P/JX 158593, MPK
POWLES, William, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 26940, MPK
PRAGNELL, Stanley L, Marine, PO/X 3016, MPK
PRATT, Cyril, Ordinary Telegraphist, P/SSX 24525, MPK
PRESTON, Frederick H, Sergeant, PO/ 21824, MPK
PRIEST, William C, Act/Leading Seaman, P/J 96617, MPK
PRIESTLEY, Aubrey J, Bugler, PO/X 3072, MPK
PRINCE, Gerald A, Able Seaman, P/SSX 21148, MPK
PRYOR, Ronald A, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 30156, MPK
PUDDY, Robert G, Petty Officer, P/J 101385, MPK
PYE, Philip K, Stoker 2c, P/KX 96929, MPK
QUANTRELL, Oswald P, Stoker 1c, P/KX 89997, MPK
QUIGLEY, Archibald, Able Seaman, P/JX 132173, MPK
QUINN, Harold, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19042, MPK
QUINNEY, George, Marine, PO/X 153, MPK
RADFORD, Roy, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95270, MPK
RAINE, George H, Seaman, RNR, P/X 10792 B, MPK
RAMSAY, William D, Able Seaman, P/SSX 17948, MPK
RANN, Frank, Chief Petty Officer, P/J 100664, MPK
RAZEY, Arthur E, Able Seaman, P/JX 127189, MPK
READ, Reginald V, Stoker Petty Officer, P/K 60121, MPK
REED, William G F, Seaman, RNR, P/X 20506 A, MPK
REID, David, Marine, PO/ 21663, MPK
RESTELL, Albert E, Chief Ordnance Artificer 2c, P/M 36685, MPK
REYNOLDS, Donald A, Ordnance Artificer, P/SSX 26182, MPK
RICHARDS, William M, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95672, MPK
RIDSDALE, George H, Leading Stoker, P/KX 84011, MPK
RILEY, Joseph, Boy 1c, P/JX 158451, MPK
RITCHIE, Robert C, Seaman, RNR, P/X 20398, MPK
ROBBINS, Cecil F, Able Seaman, P/JX 157894, MPK
ROBERTS, Arthur, Chief Petty Officer Stoker, P/K 60785, MPK
ROBERTS, Frederick W, Able Seaman, P/SSX 20191, MPK
ROBERTS, Thomas O, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19617, MPK
ROBERTSON, Morris G, Boy 1c, P/JX 158089, MPK
ROBERTSON, Robert U, Able Seaman, P/SSX 17975, MPK
ROLLO, David, Able Seaman, P/SSX 16686, MPK
ROPER, Snelling D, Lieutenant Commander, MPK
ROSS, Gordon I McL, Able Seaman, P/J 37612, MPK
ROSS, Theodore W, Marine, PO/X 1687, MPK
ROUPELL, Michael P, Lieutenant (E), MPK
ROUSE, Peter, Boy 1c, P/JX 158024, MPK
ROWELL, Arthur W, Able Seaman, P/J 115538, killed
ROXBOROUGH, Thomas, Stoker Petty Officer, P/K 66591, MPK
ROYAL, William D, Engine Room Artificer 2c, P/M 39389, MPK
RUCK, Winston S, Cook, P/MX 51331, MPK
RUSSELL, William F E, Joiner 3c, P/MX 51551, MPK
RUSTELL, Stanley, Marine, PO/X 2727, MPK
RUTHERFORD, John J, Stoker 1c, P/KX 89430, MPK
RUTTER, William, Able Seaman, P/JX 139992, MPK
RYALL, Maurice G, Boy Signalman, P/JX 156282, MPK
RYAN, Michael J, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 30164, MPK
RYAN, William D, Stoker 1c, P/KX 85189, MPK
SALIBA, Lawrence, Steward, E/LX 20769, MPK
SANDFORD, Frederick W C, Marine, PO/ 22370, MPK
SANDHAM, Gordon M, Engine Room Artificer 4c, P/MX 54378, MPK
SAVAGE, Clarence H, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19352, MPK
SAVAGE, William J B, Boy 1c, P/JX 159095, MPK
SCARLET, Arthur, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27277, MPK
SCHIAVONE, Emmanuel, Assistant Cook, E/LX 22979, MPK
SCHOFIELD, Ronald, Marine, PO/X 1560, MPK
SCOTT, William, Leading Stoker, P/KX 80944, MPK
SEARLE, John G, Able Seaman, P/JX 131202, MPK
SEATON, Ernest F, Boy 1c, P/JX 158880, MPK
SEELEY, Ernest J, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19529, killed
SENIOR, Frederick, Marine, PO/X 2827, MPK
SHARP, Ronald, Boy 1c, P/JX 158031, MPK
SHAW, Stephen, Act/Leading Seaman, P/JX 141569, MPK
SHEPHERD, George, Seaman, RNR, P/X 20406 A, MPK
SHEPPARD, Ernest W, Able Seaman, P/J 34385, MPK
SHERIFF, John G, Act/Petty Officer Telegraphist, P/JX 128543, MPK
SHORROCK, Kenneth W, Leading Seaman, P/JX 129839, MPK
SHORT, William, Officers’ Cook, E/L 5468, MPK
SIBLEY, Arthur, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95661, MPK
SIBLEY, Cyril, Stoker 1c, P/KX 86227, MPK
SIMMONS, John S, Boy 1c, P/JX 159502, MPK
SIMMONS, Oliver A J, Joiner 4c, P/MX 56735, MPK
SIMPSON, George R, Able Seaman, P/JX 140390, MPK
SIMPSON, John R, Act/Leading Seaman, P/JX 141579, MPK
SIMPSON, Richard H, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95852, MPK
SIMPSON, Stanley, Act/Leading Seaman, P/JX 133851, MPK
SINCLAIR, George W, Stoker 1c, P/KX 88487, MPK
SINCLAIR, William, Blacksmith 1c, P/MX 45546, MPK
SLADE, Stephen J, Petty Officer, P/JX 127212, MPK
SLAWSON, Walter, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 26105, MPK
SMALL, William, Chief Petty Officer Cook, P/M 38157, MPK
SMITH, Charles J, Able Seaman, P/J 50165, MPK
SMITH, David E, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 26920, MPK
SMITH, Donald H, Boy 1c, P/JX 156673, MPK
SMITH, George, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 154847, MPK
SMITH, George W, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 29666, MPK
SMITH, Harold, Able Seaman, RFR, P/J 29524, MPK
SMITH, Harold, Electrical Artificer 1c, P/MX 56803, MPK
SMITH, James A, Boy 1c, P/JX 158761, MPK
SMITH, Robert, Able Seaman, P/SSX 15285, MPK
SNELLOCK, Ralph A, Boy 1c, P/JX 158388, MPK
SORLEY, James N, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95913, MPK
SPALDING, Robert F J, Boy 1c, P/JX 157875, MPK
SPARROW, Leslie P, Electrical Artificer 4c, P/MX 54961, MPK
SPELMAN, Dennis B T, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27553, MPK
SPENCE, William G, Leading Signalman, P/JX 130049, MPK
SPENCER, Arthur K, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 25971, MPK
SPENCER, Cecil J, Boy 1c, P/JX 157889, MPK
SPENCER, Harry, Boy 1c, P/JX 158255, MPK
SPENCER, William H, Boy 1c, P/JX 157230, MPK
SPICER, Hugh H, Marine, PO/X 2976, MPK
SQUIRES, Leslie G, Leading Seaman, P/J 104906, MPK
STABLES, George, Able Seaman, P/SSX 20322, MPK
STANBRIDGE, Harry W, Sick Berth Attendant, P/MX 57010, MPK
STANDEN, George H, Boy 1c, P/JX 159110, MPK
STANLEY, Augustus G, Stoker 1c, P/KX 85657, MPK
STANLEY, Cyril J, Boy 1c, P/JX 158947, MPK
STANNARD, William E, Petty Officer, P/J 110914, MPK
STEELE, Cecil A, Marine, PO/X 2216, MPK
STEELE, Ronald F, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 146409, MPK
STEMP, Norman H, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95855, MPK
STEPHENS, Henry, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 30167, MPK
STEPHENS, Mark W, Act/Cook, P/MX 56897, MPK
STEPHENSON, John G, Able Seaman, P/SSX 18433, MPK
STEVENS, Harold J, Chief Petty Officer, P/J 94527, MPK
STEVENSON, Edward J, Boy 1c, P/JX 158949, MPK
STEVENSON, John, Marine, PO/X 1654, MPK
STEWART, Donald C C, Writer, P/MX 58102, MPK
STEWART, Hugh, Instructor Lieutenant, MPK
STOKES, Henry J, Able Seaman, P/J 112767, MPK
STOKES, Joseph L, Stoker 1c, P/KX 89470, MPK
STONE, William F, Stoker Petty Officer, P/K 64962, killed
STRICKLEY, Harry F, Stoker 1c, P/KX 86345, MPK
SUMMERSBY, Frank, Stoker 1c, P/KX 87711, MPK
SUMNER, Percy, Chief Engine Room Artificer 2c, P/MX 59525, MPK
SUTHERLAND, Herbert J, Stoker 1c, P/KX 81907, MPK
TALBOT, Frederick G, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95688, MPK
TANNER, Benjamin C, Sergeant, PO/X 238, MPK
TARGETT, Thomas H, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 157496, MPK
TAYLOR, Donald, Telegraphist, P/JX 145839, MPK
TAYLOR, Edmund G, Act/Stoker Petty Officer, P/KX 84538, MPK
TAYLOR, Reginald J, Act/Stoker Petty Officer, P/KX 84944, MPK
TAYLOR, Sidney, Able Seaman, P/SSX 21131, MPK
TAYLOR, William MacI, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 25616, MPK
TEE, James G, Petty Officer, P/JX 131118, MPK
TESTER, Charles A, Seaman, RNR, P/X 20598 A, MPK
THIRKELL, Ronald, Able Seaman, P/SSX 21283, MPK
THOMAS, Robert A, Marine, PO/X 1709, MPK
THOMPSON, Joseph, Able Seaman, P/SSX 24082, MPK
THOMPSON, Robert, Boy 1c, P/JX 158648, MPK
THOMPSON, Roland, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27236, MPK
THOMSON, James, Boy 1c, P/JX 158996, MPK
THORNE, Leonard F, Boy 1c, P/JX 15791, MPK
THWAITES, Raymond W, Telegraphist, P/SSX 17545, MPK
TIDEY, Albert E, Seaman, RNR, P/X 21415 A, MPK
TIPLADY, Thomas, Stoker 1c, P/KX 90011, MPK
TODD, Gilbert, Ordinary Telegraphist, P/SSX 25723, MPK
TOUSE, John W, Able Seaman, P/J 104829, MPK
TOWNSEND, Terence H, Marine, PO/X 3049, MPK
TRAYFOOT, Albert G, Chief Electrical Artificer 2c, P/M 33204, MPK
TRELEAVEN, Cyril N E, Musician, RMB/X 687, MPK
TRENHOLM, Thomas W, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 25965, MPK
TREVETT, Edward M, Able Seaman, P/JX 152469, MPK
TRUSSLER, Leonard G, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95904, MPK
TUCK, Robert W, Able Seaman, P/J 78102, (aka Robert W Bell), MPK
TUCKWOOD, William S, Marine, PO/X 2247, MPK
TURNER, Sidney V, Stoker 2c, P/KX 96741, MPK
TUTTON, Roy E, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19630, MPK
USMAR, Harry W B, Petty Officer, P/J 74184, MPK
VASS, Bertie, Seaman, RNR, P/X 20051 A, MPK
VASS, David, Seaman, RNR, P/X 20058 A, MPK
VASS, Hugh, Seaman, RNR, P/X 6771 C, MPK
VASS, Hugh, Seaman, RNR, P/X 7361 C, MPK
VINE, James, Stoker 1c, P/KX 87119, MPK
WADSWORTH, Alfred H, Boy 1c, P/JX 158595, MPK
WAKEFIELD, Harry, Marine, PO/X 3201, MPK
WALKER, Cecil E, Boy 1c, P/JX 157882, MPK
WALKER, Donald, Ordinary Signalman, P/JX 154029, MPK
WALKER, Eric, Boy 1c, P/JX 158499, MPK
WALKER, Frederick, Leading Stoker, P/KX 75252, MPK
WALLACE, Andrew J, Act/Leading Seaman, P/JX 142260, MPK
WALTON, John H, Marine, PO/X 2023, MPK
WARD, George, Boy 1c, P/JX 158964, MPK
WARD, George, Petty Officer, P/JX 130440, MPK
WARD, Roy D, Act/Warrant Ordnance Officer, MPK
WARNER, Leonard J, Act/Shipwright 4c, P/MX 59316, MPK
WARRINER, Edward B, Leading Seaman, P/JX 129645, MPK
WATERFIELD, William A, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 29667, MPK
WATERMAN, Victor P, Marine, PO/X 3043, MPK
WATKINS, Stanley M, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 25962, MPK
WATSON, George, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 24091, MPK
WATSON, James, Stoker 1c, P/KX 89501, MPK
WATSON, Reginald H, Able Seaman, P/SSX 19981, MPK
WATSON, William, Leading Stoker, P/KX 82326, MPK
WATTS, Herbert C, Able Seaman, P/J 55400, MPK
WEATHERBURN, Stanley, Stoker 1c, P/KX 84088, MPK
WEBB, Dudley H, Boy 1c, P/JX 158895, MPK
WEBB, Richard S, Musician, RMB/X 842, MPK
WEBB, Stanley R, Musician, RMB/X 842, MPK
WELLER, Henry A, Stoker 1c, P/KX 94918, MPK
WEST, David, Seaman, RNR, P/X 9734 B, MPK
WESTBROOK, Patrick E, Marine, PO/X 2487, MPK
WESTELL, Sidney A, Stoker 1c, P/KX 86251, MPK
WESTERN, Raymond J, Boy 1c, P/JX 157755, MPK
WESTNUTT, Ernest, Able Seaman, P/SSX 21440, MPK
WHEELER, Edward, Able Seaman, P/J 60235, MPK
WHITE, Ernest, Boy 1c, P/JX 156470, MPK
WHITE, George, Leading Seaman, P/JX 152159, MPK
WHITE, Harold J W, Canteen Assistant, NAAFI, MPK
WHITE, James B, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 26031, MPK
WHITE, Joseph, Act/Leading Stoker, P/KX 79403, MPK
WHITE, William R, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 25964, MPK
WHITMORE, Eric, Able Seaman, P/JX 152710, MPK
WHITTAKER, Walter J, Marine, PO/X 367, MPK
WIGGINS, Leslie W, Act/Ordnance Artificer 4c, P/MX 55597, MPK
WILCOCK, Ellis A, Ordinary Telegraphist, P/JX 156336, MPK
WILKINS, Joseph P, Able Seaman, P/J 103298, MPK
WILKINSON, Joseph, Boy 1c, P/JX 158624, MPK
WILLARD, Leonard F, Boy 1c, P/JX 158998, MPK
WILLETER, John C, Marine, PO/X 3132, MPK
WILLIAMS, Cyril E, Boy 1c, P/JX 160593, MPK
WILLIAMS, Francis M, Act/Regulating Petty Officer, P/M 40137, MPK
WILLIAMS, George A, Able Seaman, P/SSX 16334, MPK
WILLIAMS, Jonah, Chief Petty Officer Stoker, P/K 56624, killed
WILLIAMS, Joseph, Boy 1c, P/JX 157723, MPK
WILMINGTON, Frederick H, Stoker 1c, P/KX 84259, MPK
WILMOT, David G, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 30166, MPK
WILSHAW, John T, Able Seaman, P/SSX 20377, MPK
WILSON, Arthur, Marine, PO/X 3282, MPK
WILSON, Arthur R, Boy 1c, P/JX 158594, MPK
WILSON, George R, Leading Seaman, P/J 105080, MPK
WILSON, Robert, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 26184, MPK
WILSON, Ronald V, Stoker 2c, P/KX 95922, MPK
WILSON, Stephen R M, Midshipman, MPK
WILTSHIRE, Edward G, Act/Leading Seaman, P/KX 84332, MPK
WOOD, Jack, Ordinary Seaman, P/JX 157026, MPK
WOOD, Reuben P, Stoker 1c, P/KX 89507, MPK
WOOD, Stanley, Boy 1c, P/JX 158960, MPK
WOOD, William J, Corporal, PO/X 1766, MPK
WOODCOCK, Albert G, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 25894, MPK
WOODFORD, George, Leading Stoker, P/K 65607, MPK
WOOLGAR, Denis R, Marine, PO/X 3047, MPK
WORMALD, James L, Able Seaman, P/J 73986, MPK
WREN, Victor G, Stoker 1c, P/K 50154, killed
WRIGHT, Frank E, Act/Leading Seaman, P/JX 145920, MPK
WRIGHT, William G, Ordinary Seaman, P/SSX 27430, MPK
XUEREB, John, Cook (O), E/LX 22100, MPK
YATES, John A, Boy 1c, P/JX 158149, MPK
ZAHRA, John, Steward, E/LX 20554, MPK

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