Category Archives: USAF

Happy Mother’s Day from Kwajalein

Here we see a group of hardy USAAF men clustered in front of B-24J-1-CO Liberator Come Closer (S/N 42-72973) of the 38th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy), 30th Bomb Group, 7th Air Force, sending Mother’s Day wishes, likely in 1944, where it was stationed from March to August of that year.

For an, um, closer look at the Sad Sack nose art of Come Closer III check out this image of an ordnance crew prepping a bomb load on Kwajalein on 9 April 1944.

The USAAF Nose Art Project details about Come Closer:

Assigned to the crew of John A Runge, this Liberator flew numerous missions to the Japanese bases at Truk and later several missions softening up Iwo Jima prior to the Marines’ amphibious landing.

As noted by a page on Fold3, which lists Come Closer as completing 100 missions successfully:

The new “J” Models first appeared on the line at San Diego in August 1943. They would be equipped with a nose turret as well as other improvements on the D Models which are discontinued—Of the 51 aircraft in this 1st block of J Models, 35 of them were assigned to the newly forming 30th Bombardment Group, the 27th, 38th and 392nd Bomb Squadrons. Another 14 were sent to replace losses in the 11th B.G. which had already been deployed in Central & South Pacific areas. Those squadrons were the 26th, 42nd, 98th and 431st.

According to Joe Baugher, Come Closer III survived the war, is currently owned by Paul Peters, and is under restoration to fly in Chino, California.

Mosel Weasle Stack

How about this great Cold War (circa late summer 1985) image showing two F-4E Phantoms flanking an F-4G Advanced Wild Weasel aircraft (center) from the 52nd Tactical Fighter Wing, Spangdahlem Air Base (hence the SP tail flash(, West Germany.

330-CFD-DF-ST-85-11181

And another one of the same group over the Mosel River in a banked formation.

330-CFD-DF-ST-85-11177

The aircraft are armed with an AGM-78 Standard anti-radiation missile (F-4G), AGM-45 Shrike air-to-surface missiles, AIM-7 Sparrow III, and AIM-9 Sidewinder air-to-air missiles. The aircraft are also equipped with ALQ-119 or ALQ-141 electronic countermeasures (ECM) jammer pods in the left forward slot while the Weasel is “hairy” with 52 interferometer antennae studded all along the bird. The F-4E in the top foreground is also toting at least four MK 82 500-pound general-purpose bombs.

The only frame I can figure a number for is the Weasel, 69-0248.

Built as a Block 42-MC F-4E in late 1969, she was first assigned to the 353rd TFS (401st TFW) in 1970 then assorted 50th, 36th, and 35th TFW units until converted to F-4G standard in 1979. She then went to Germany with the 52nd TFW until 1992, at which point she was one of the last Weasels in Europe, which included a combat deployment to Desert Storm. She finished her career stateside with the 57th FWW and was sent to AMARC in 1996. Converted to a drone, 69-0248 was expended in a test of Patriot SAM near Holloman AFB in 2002.

Jamming out with your Westinghouse out…

Saw this great image passed around the interwebs without much detailed explanation and had to nerd out on it.

After some digging, I am fairly certain it is a USAF F-4E-44-M Phantom II, SN 69-7298, with its nose cone pivoted and Westinghouse AN/APQ-120 X-band fire control radar showing. The Phantom’s “ZF” tail flash would put it as the 31st TFW (307th and 308th TFS) out of Udorn AB, Thailand, circa April 1972 to June 1973.

Note the full-color 31st TFW’s flying sea horse shield on her intake. 

Founded in 1940 as the old 31st Pursuit Group– which, flying Spitfires, had been the first American unit to engage in combat in Europe– when it came to Vietnam the 31st TFW more than paid their dues, earning the Presidential Unit Citation and ten campaign streamers flying over 100,000 close air support sorties between 1965 and 1970 out of Bien Hoa and Tuy Hoa in the venerable F-100 Super Sabre.

Finally rotated back home to Homestead AFB, Florida in 1970, where they transitioned to new 1969-model 44/45 block F-4Es, they were tapped to return to Southeast Asia two years later, hence the above image.

As noted in the unit’s history:

From April to 13 August 1972, the 308 TFS deployed to Udorn Royal Thai Air Base, Thailand to augment tactical air forces already deployed to that country. It was followed in July by the 307 TFS. In June 1972, Captains John Cerak and David B. Dingee of the 308 TFS were shot down and captured by the North Vietnamese and confirmed as prisoners of war. In March 1973 both were released and returned to the United States. On 15 October 1972, Captains James L. Hendrickson and Gary M. Rubus of the 307 TFS, who replaced the 308 TFS at Udorn, Thailand, shot down a MiG-21 northeast of Hanoi. This marked the first and only aerial victory for the 31 TFW. The 308 TFS completed the wing’s final deployment to Southeast Asia from December 1972 to June 1973.

The particular bird shown above, as detailed by Baugher, originally flew with the 4th TFW before switching to the 31st TFW. By 1977 it was with the 68th TFS (347th TFW). 

Converted at the Ogden Air Logistics Center along with 115 of her circa 1969 sisters to the F-4G Wild Weasel SEAD standard in 1979 (with the same Westinghouse radar but with digital processor added), she flew with various squadrons of the 37th TFW until 1991 and then for a few years with the 35th TFW before being shipped off to the Idaho Air Guard’s 190th FS/124th FW in 1993. 

F-4G SN 69-7298 was then sent to the boneyard at AMARC as FP1004 in December 1995, converted by Tracor Flight Systems to QF-4G drone AF183 three years later, and expended in missile test in 2002. 

As for the 31st TFW? They transitioned from F-4s to F-16s in the 1980s and moved out of Homestead after it was all but destroyed by Hurricane Andrew in 1992.

Since then, they have been pushing their Vipers out of Aviano, which is surely an upgrade. Over the past two decades, they have been the “tip of the spear,” so to speak, in operations in the Balkans, Iraq, Afghanistan, and Libya.

A U.S. Air Force F-16CM Fighting Falcon (SN 89-2047, Block 40E) from the 31st TFW’s 510th Fighter Squadron soars above Aviano Air Base, Italy, March 16, 2020. “The 31st Fighter Wing is dedicated to remaining lethal and rapidly ready” (U.S. Air Force photo 200316-F-ZX177-1037 by Airman 1st Class Ericka A. Woolever)

When next in Destin…

When bopping around the West Florida panhandle and looking to scratch a military history stuff itch, besides the extensive coastal fortifications around Pensacola (Forts Pickens and Barrancas along with their nearby Advanced Redoubt and WWII beach batteries) and the National Naval Aviation Museum, closer to Eglin AFB there is the excellent Air Force Armament Museum.

There is also a great aviation park that has been off limits to the public since 9/11– the Hurlburt Field Memorial Air Park.

Dedicated to the USAAF’s and USAF’s Air Commandos and maintained by the secret squirrels of the Air Force Special Operations Command, it has several rare COIN and SOF aircraft on display as well as numerous memorial markers spanning from WWII through more recent adventures in the sandbox.

They have a C-46 Commando and C-47, MH-53M and MH-60 Pave Lows, a Psy-Op Huey, A-1G Skyraider, an A-26K Counter Invader, O1s and O2s, an RF-4C, AC-119G Shadow gunship, AC-130A Spectre gunship “Ultimate End,” an OV-10 Bronco, and CH-3 Jolly Green, among some 20 types on display. (U.S. Air Force photo/Senior Airman Christopher Callaway)

Gratefully to anyone passing through who didn’t already have a CAC card, it is set to reopen to the general public on Wednesday 10 April.

Douglas World Cruisers at 100

This month marks the centennial of the first successful aerial circumnavigation of the globe.

Kicked off on 6 April 1924 when four pairs of U.S. Army Air Service pilots and mechanics, using modified War Department-owned Navy Douglas DT torpedo bombers, departed West from Seattle’s Sand Point Aerodrome, some 27,550 miles and 175 days (363 flying hours) later, two planes flew back in from the East on 28 September 1924, having made 74 stops in 22 different countries– the latter high number both for publicity as well as refuel/repair.

Keep in mind these were open-cockpit aircraft produced only two decades after the Wright Brothers first proved flying a powered heavier-than-air machine was even possible. 

The four planes included the Seattle (No. 1)– Maj. Frederick L. Martin (Pilot and Flight Commander) and Staff Sgt. Alva L. Harvey (Mechanic), Chicago (No. 2)– Lt. Lowell H. Smith (Pilot, subsequent Flight Commander) and 1st Lt. Leslie P. Arnold (Mechanic), Boston (No. 3)– 1st Lt. Leigh P. Wade (Pilot) and Staff Sgt. Henry H. Ogden (Mechanic), and New Orleans (No. 4)– Lt. Erik H. Nelson (Pilot – Engineer) and Lt. John Harding Jr. (Chief Mechanic).

Seattle at Vancouver Barracks

Chicago. When crossing the open ocean, the DT-2s were fitted with floats

Boston at Vancouver Barracks

New Orleans at Vancouver Barracks

Airplanes New Orleans, Chicago, and Boston at Rockwell Field, San Diego, California, March 1924 before the expedition’s launch in April. NH 884

Chicago and New Orleans finished the flight (both of which are preserved) with Smith, Arnold, Wade, Nelson, and Ogden winning the Mackay Trophy, and all fliers were authorized a medal of honor and a $10,000 bonus by Congress.

Chicago at NASM NASM-NASM2020-07130-000001

Seattle crashed in dense fog into a mountainside near Port Moller on the Alaska Peninsula in April while Boston was lost at sea near the Faroes in August, with both crews (eventually) recovered alive.

Besides being done in what were essentially converted Navy torpedo bombers, the Navy and Coast Guard extensively supported the flight. In particular, USS Noa (DD-342), USS Charles Ausburn (DD-294), USS Hart (DM-8), USS Milwaukee (CL-5), and USS Richmond (who rescued the crew of Boston), were assigned to assist with cross-ocean portions of the trip. 

Navy supporting “Around the World Flyers” 1924. NH 883

USS Milwaukee (CL-5) At Ivigtut, Greenland, July 1924, awaiting the arrival of the U.S. Army around-the-world fliers. Donation of Mr. & Mrs. Don St. John, 1990. NH 96690

U.S. Army Around the World Flight, 1924 Three U.S. Army Air Corps flyers on board USS Richmond (CL-9), explaining their route to Sailors. Photographed at Hunters Bay, Orkney Islands, Scotland, circa mid-1924. The flyers are Lieutenants Arnold, Smith, and Wade. NH 880

Godspeed, Gen. Stafford

Thomas Patten Stafford was a tall Oklahoman who, born too late for WWII, nonetheless served in the Oklahoma National Guard during high school and college. Starting his undergrad career at the University of Oklahoma on a Navy ROTC scholarship, he applied to Annapolis and was accepted his sophomore year for the Class of 1952, including a summer mid cruise on the battlewagon USS Missouri.

Opting to go Air Forceon graduation, Stafford qualified on the F-86 Sabre in 1954, flying with the Cold War-era 54th FIS and 496th FIS before completing Test Pilot School and becoming an instructor.

Accepted to NASA Group Two in 1962, he would head to space with crewmate Wally Schirra in 1965 on Gemini 6A, on Gemini 9 with Eugene Cernan, and orbit the moon on Apollo 10 with Cernan and his old USS Missouri cabinmate, John Young. Perhaps most famously, he shook hands while in orbit with cosmonaut Alexei Leonov during the Apollo–-Soyuz mission in 1975.

Returning to the Air Force full-time in 1975, Stafford would command the Air Force Flight Test Center at Edwards AFB and was key to the design and development of the F-117 and B-2.

Stafford retired as a lieutenant general in 1979, having flown more than 120 types of fixed-wing and rotary aircraft and three types of spacecraft, with the USAF noting the year prior that had “completed 507 hours and 43 minutes in space flight and wears the Air Force Command Pilot Astronaut Wings. He has more than 6,800 flying hours.”

Via NASA:

Today we mourn the passing of Thomas P. Stafford at the age of 93.

In December 1965, Stafford piloted Gemini VI, the first rendezvous in space, and helped develop techniques to prove the basic theory and practicality of space rendezvous.

Later he commanded Gemini IX and performed a demonstration of an early rendezvous that would be used in the Apollo lunar missions, the first optical rendezvous, and a lunar orbit abort rendezvous.

He served as the commander of the Apollo 10 ‘dress rehearsal’ mission preparing for the first Moon landing and as Apollo commander of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission, a joint space flight culminating in the historic first meeting in space between American Astronauts and Soviet Cosmonauts, which ended the International space race.

Throughout his career, Stafford helped us push the boundaries of what’s possible in air and space, flying more than 100 different types of aircraft.

‘I weighed 125 lbs. and never would have survived the rations in a POW Camp…’

What a couple of great period Kodachromes that really put you in the head of an 8th Air Force bombardier in 1944.

First, a window view inside the Boeing B-17G Flying Fortress bomber “Times A-Wastin'” (#42-102504) circa 1944-1945: 

Several contrails from other B-17s are visible through the window. Note the empty bombsight stabilizer, missing its top-secret and closely controlled Norden bombsight, which means the bombardier in this case may be acting as a “toggler,” dropping on the lead ship seen out front. Image Credit: The John W. Allen World War II Collection/The Museum of Flight

 Bombardier, LT Paul Chryst, U.S. Army Air Forces, 13099534, in the Boeing B-17G Flying Fortress aircraft “Times A-Wastin’,” November 2, 1944. Other aircraft are visible through the window behind Chryst. Image Credit: The John W. Allen World War II Collection/The Museum of Flight

LTC Paul Chryst (Ret.) wrote on 2 November 2002 in an e-mail posted online. 

“We flew our first mission on 3 August 1944 and the last one on 15 Dec 44. I counted 38 missions total; but the Orderly Room said “only 35 completed”. My Pilot Class was 43K; but the PT-17 Stearman (training plane) washed me out. Went on to Aerial Gunnery School and graduated to become the FIRST class of Cadets to wear Gunner’s wings then on to Bombardier School. We graduated after 12 weeks bombing and another 6 weeks of DR Navigation. My biggest fear while flying was “bail-out” the small hatch next to the Navigator and being killed by hitting the leading edge of the left elevator. If I made it to the ground, my next worry was being killed by some German civilian. At 6′-2″ I weighed 125 lbs. and never would have survived the small rations in POW Camp.”

If you haven’t checked out The Museum of Flight’s Allen collection, you are missing out.

Skull Island Tomahawk

A 45th Fighter Squadron Curtiss P-40N Tomahawk, “Lackanocki,” is seen refueling from an F-2 type servicing truck pulled by a Cletrac M2 high-speed tractor while at Funafuti Airfield, Nanumea, Gilbert Islands.

63261A.C. NARA Local Identifier 342-FH-3A42939-63261AC

The 45th, formed at Wheeler Field, Hawaii Territory in December 1940, was decimated during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor a year later.

Reformed with newer P-40N “Sand” models, it deployed to the Gilbert Islands in November 1943, operating in turn from Funafuti, Abemama, and Makin Fields in the chain until it was recalled to Hawaii some 80 years ago this month in early March 1944– dating the above image nicely. Of note, the 45th FS during this period claimed the destruction of 11 enemy aircraft on 26 January 1944 near Aur Atoll in the Marshall Islands.

The 45th would remain in Hawaii for almost a year until February 1945, when, reequipped with late-model P-51 Mustangs to perform very-long-range bomber escort missions, it forward deployed to Iwo Jima in March 1945, where it finished the war escorting B-29s over Japan, a task that earned it a Distinguished Unit Citation.

The squadron lived on into the jet age, flying F-86s, F-100s, F-84s, F-4s, A-37s, and A-10s, the latter of which it has been pushing out of Davis–Monthan since 2009.

Of note, the 45th of the above Gilbert Islands period surfaced in the 2017 film, Skull Island, in which a 45th FS pilot, LT Hank Marlow (Will Brittain/John C. Reilly), parachutes in 1944 onto the uncharted island where a giant ape serves as the big banana and survives 29 years until an expedition arrives in 1973.

Putting the ‘Fortress’ into the B-17: A Look at the Guns

It is no understatement to say that the B-17 bomber is one of the most famous airplanes to fly a mission. Today we look at the hardware that lived up to its well-deserved “Flying Fortress” name.

When it first flew in 1935, the original B-17 wasn’t very well equipped with defensive gun armament; after all, its main armament was its massive 5,000-pound bomb load.

The YB-17 prototypes had a single gun up front, two in side nacelles, one for the radio operator, and one below – just five all told, all with limited fields of fire. (National Museum of the Air Force)

Boeing YB-17 nose turret via National Museum of USAF 

Boeing YB-17 flex gun turret via National Museum of USAF

Wartime experience soon changed this, and by the time the B-17G model took to the air, it carried 13 .50-caliber air-cooled machine guns and almost 7,500 rounds of ammunition to keep them firing. While a few of the bomber’s crew were dedicated gunners, everyone save for the pilot and co-pilot had a gun at their disposal and were expected to use it if needed.

B-17G Flying Fortresses Drop Bombs On Berlin, Germany 26 February 1945. [91St Bg] 59348AC 342-FH_000123

For a closer look, head over to my piece at Guns.com that includes a walk around we did out at Pima. 

Solo Before Solo was Cool

Happy first day of winter!

Dig these great 1960 Cold War (see what I did there?) Kodachromes from the LIFE Archive of the SAC Alert strip for the 436th BS (Heavy), 4238th Strategic Wing, at Barksdale AFB in Louisiana. We see blue N3A parka-clad Air Force Air Police ready with their trusty M1 Carbines to keep persons unwanted away from the KC-135 tanker bird behind them.

It looks very Ice Station Zebra

Of course, the cigar-chomping Curtis LeMay would switch out the M1 for the new-fangled AR-15 in 1962, the Air Police were redesignated the Security Police in 1966, and the more sedate OD/gray-colored N-3B cold weather parka replaced the bright blue N-3As, so the above aesthetic was long lost by the time intergalactic smuggler turned Rebel scum Han Solo rode a Tauntaun out into the Hoth night against all advice.

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