Recasting history, Tirpitz edition

The Tirpitzhafen naval base in Kiel, along with the Tirpitzmole was the home port and docks for units of the Imperial German Kaiserliche Marine, the Reichsmarine during the Weimar Republic, the Kriegsmarine, the West German Bundesmarine and now the post-Cold War Deutsche Marine. During each, the historic name was retained.

About that.

The Marineinspekteur Vizeadmiral Andreas Krause has recommended the two Imperial-era names, along with their later WWII-era connotations, should be scrubbed and recast.

Tirpitzhafen would become Oskar Kusch Hafen, after the 26-year-old skipper of U-154 who was ratted out (perhaps falsely) by a junior officer for having been critical of the Nazis while on a war patrol and was subsequently executed by a naval firing squad on 12 May 1944 in Kiel with the blessing of Dönitz.

Oberleutnant zur See Oskar-Heinz Kusch

Likewise, Tirpitzmole would become Brandtauchermole, after Willy Bauer’s circa 1850 submersible, the first of many German submarines.

You pick the traditions you want to keep, I guess.

Air Apaches on the Warpath, 75 Years Ago Today

Last week, we detailed the attack of the Air Apaches of the ship-busting 345th Bombardment Group against Japanese convoy HI-88J.

Just a few days later, in a low-level attack on shipping in Mako harbor on 4 April, a dozen B-25’s of the 345th Group claimed destruction of or damage to six merchant vessels.

Let us now talk about their efforts against Convoy HOMO-03, east of Amoy, China, on 6 April 1945.

Below, we see a series of images of 499th Bomb Squadron, 345th Bomb Group pilot Lt. Francis Thompson running his bat-nosed North American B-25J-22 Serial No. 4-429600 toward an IJN Kaiboken Type D-class frigate, Coast Defense Vessel No. 134. Thompson, piloting one of 24 B-25s from the Apaches that day “managed only to strafe in this low altitude, mast-height, daylight attack as he was crowded out by his wingman who scored a near miss and did probable damage to the frigate’s stern, and by the explosion of a delay-fused 500-pound bomb that had been dropped by the flight leader. ”

Both No. 134 and the Kaiboken C-class frigate CD No. 1 would be sunk that day in strikes by the 345th’s 501st and 499th Bomb Squadrons.

Less than an hour after the above images were snapped, the 345th’s 500th and 498th Bomb Squadrons would sweep in with another 24 B-25s and claim the Kagerō-class destroyer Amatsukaze. In all, the action would leave three Japanese warships wrecked and reportedly claim 700 of the Emperor’s warriors.

As detailed by Combined Fleets on their entry for Amatsukaze:

6 April:
– 1140 South of Amoy, twenty-four B-25s attack the small convoy. CD No.1 and No. 134 are quickly sunk.
– 1230 By this time AMATSUKAZE receives three direct hits from the B-25s in turn. One struck in the auxiliary machinery room (forward of No.2 turret); a second in the radio room, and the third in the wardroom. In addition, multiple rocket hits damaged the barrels of No.2 and No.3 turrets. The rear bridge was collapsed and topside damage heavy. All power was lost and Amatsukaze became adrift with bad fires raging aft. Amatsukaze claimed five planes shot down, and four damaged.(It was actually three planes destroyed).
– 2015 AMATSUKAZE has arrived off Amoy harbor continuing to drift.
– 2100 Rudder fails, and unable to anchor she runs aground (possibly deliberately to avoid sinking) on the shoals south of Amoy Harbor. Fires continue to burn throughout the night. Six officers, including Lt. Morita and 150 men survived; 3 officers, 1 passenger, and 41 crew lost.

Thompson’s run would be commemorated in a print by Jack Fellows. 

 

Mighty D Rejoins the Fleet, after a 97-year hiatus

To comply with the limits imposed under the Five-Power Washington Naval Treaty, the low-mileage 22,000-ton early 12-inch-gunned dreadnought USS Delaware (Battleship No. 28), was decommissioned 10 November 1923 and promptly sold for scrap, just 13 years after she joined the fleet. Her crew was hot-transferred to the brand-new 33,000-ton/16-inch-gunned super-dreadnought, USS Colorado (BB-45).

Ex-USS Delaware (BB-28) in dry dock at the South Boston Annex, Boston Navy Yard, Massachusetts, on 30 January 1924. The ship has been stripped in preparation for scrapping. Note propellers, rudder, armor belt and heavy fouling on her underwater hull. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph. NH 54675

Fast forward nearly a full century and the Navy has a new Delaware for the first time since that dark winter of 1923/24.

The U.S. Navy commissioned USS Delaware (SSN 791), the 18th Virginia-class attack submarine, on Saturday, in a low-key ceremony due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

She is the 7th Delaware in the Navy’s history.

190830-N-N0101-155 ATLANTIC OCEAN (Aug. 30, 2019) The Virginia-class attack submarine USS Delaware (SSN 791) transits the Atlantic Ocean after departing Huntington Ingalls Industries Newport News Shipbuilding division during sea trials in August 2019. (U.S. Navy photo courtesy of HII by Ashley Cowan/Released)

Wilson Combat meets Sig polymer. Amazing ensues

Arkansas-based custom gunmaker Wilson Combat has joined forces with firearm icon Sig Sauer to produce an enhanced P320 pistol collaboration.

Dubbed the WCP320, the 17+1 capacity 9mm semi-auto comes with a raft of upgrades over the standard Sig Sauer P320.

The WCP320 is loaded with features including a beveled X-TAC slide, Wilson Combat battle sights with a red fiber optic front, WC’s carry grip module, and a beveled mag well. 

More in my column at Guns.com. 

Combat Gallery Sunday: April 5, 2020, Keith Henderson

Much as once a week I like to take time off to cover warships (Wednesdays), on Sundays (when I feel like working), I like to cover military art and the painters, illustrators, sculptors, photographers and the like that produced them.

Combat Gallery Sunday: April 5, 2020, Keith Henderson

Keith Henderson was born on 17 April 1883 in Scotland and was reared there and in London. The son of a barrister, Henderson was artistically inclined and studied at Marlborough College, the Slade School of Art
and on the continent at the Académie de la Grande Chaumière, later going on to have a studio in Paris prior to the Great War.

He was known for a variety of landscapes, aviary images, and still life studies as well as illustrating at least four popular books.

Henderson, Keith; Spur-Winged Geese; Glasgow Museums; http://www.artuk.org/artworks/spur-winged-geese-84430

Henderson, Keith; Scottish Landscape; City of Edinburgh Council; http://www.artuk.org/artworks/scottish-landscape-93380

When the lights went out all across Europe in 1914, Henderson, in his early 30s, volunteered for the Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry (Prince of Wales’s Own) — a fairly gentlemanly unit, ranked No. 1 in Yeomanry Order of preference— and served on the Western Front in the unit, which was horse-mounted during the first few years of the conflict, and then served as infantry in the latter stages of the Great War.

Rising to the rank of Captain, he continued to paint and included several such haunting wartime images in a collection of letters he wrote to his wife that was later published.

A Wrecked Railway Bridge Near The Hindenburg Line Near Villers Guislain (1917) (Art IWM Art 246)

Fricourt Cemetery

A wounded tank

Between the wars, Henderson traveled extensively and completed both a myriad of illustrations for at least 14 books as well as walls of memorable and distinctive travel posters for the London Transport and the Empire Marketing Board.

When World War II came, Henderson, then in his 50s, was too old for front line service but pitched in as best he could in other ways, namely as a full-time war artist for the RAF.

In this role he was given lots of access to Bomber Command and Coastal Command operations, producing a number of captivating images.

Henderson, Keith; Dawn: Leaving for North Sea Patrol; IWM (Imperial War Museums); http://www.artuk.org/artworks/dawn-leaving-for-north-sea-patrol-7580

Henderson, Keith; RAF Machine Gun Post; Royal Air Force Museum; http://www.artuk.org/artworks/raf-machine-gun-post-135872

Henderson, Keith; Study of Royal Air Force Machine Gunmen; Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum; http://www.artuk.org/artworks/study-of-royal-air-force-machine-gunmen-58309

Henderson, Keith; Pilot and Navigator Confer; Glasgow Museums; http://www.artuk.org/artworks/pilot-and-navigator-confer-84429

(c) Royal Air Force Museum; Supplied by The Public Catalogue Foundation

“An Air View of Montrose, Angus” Photo credit: IWM (Imperial War Museums) That would make the large tower perhaps the Montrose Old and St Andrew’s Church https://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Europe/United_Kingdom/Scotland/Angus/Montrose/photo1270657.htm

After the war, Henderson continued to paint, illustrating another 60 books, working well into the 1970s.

He died in South Africa in 1982, aged 98.

More than 60 of his works are on public display across 19 venues in the UK as well as other sites overseas. 

Thank you for your work, sir.

He was also one heck of a curler

One of the most iconic photos of a World War II sniper is this one:

All photos, Library and Archives Canada

The man shown above is Sgt. Harold A. Marshall of the Calgary Highlanders‘ Scout and Sniper Platoon. It was taken by renowned Candian Army Canadian Army Film and Photo Unit shutterbug Ken Bell during a scouting, stalking and sniping course in recently-liberated Kapellen, Belgium, along the Dutch border, 6 October 1944.

Besides his Mk II Standard No.2 binoculars, his kit includes a Lee–Enfield No. 4 Mk 1 (T) sniper rifle with a No. 32 MK 3 scope. These rifles were standard issue for marksmen use during WWII with about 26,000 manufactured in conjunction with Holland & Holland for the Commonwealth forces and remained in service until the early 1960s when it was replaced by the L42 series, the latter basically an accurized No. 4 Enfield in 7.62 NATO.

Sergeant H.A. Marshall of The Calgary Highlanders cleans the telescopic sight of his No.4, MkI(T) rifle during scouting, stalking and sniping course, Kapellen, Belgium, 6 October 1944 LAC 3596658 Ken Bell, photographer

Marshall wears a modified camouflaged paratrooper’s Denison smock. On his belt is a single No. 36M Mill’s Bomb grenade and a Gurkha kukri — because badass, that’s why. Around his head is a skrim camouflage face veil in place of the typical Highlander Tam hat or red and white diced Glengarry, the official field and garrison caps, respectively, of the unit at the time.

Marshall’s spotter, Cpl. Steven Kormendy, was also captured by Bell.

He wears much the same kit but notably has a captured German Walther P-38 9mm pistol as his sidearm.

Corporal S. Kormendy and Sergeant H.A. Marshall of The Calgary Highlanders cleaning the telescopic sights of their No.4 MkI (T) rifles during scouting, stalking and sniping course, Kapellen, Belgium, 6 October 1944. LAC 3596657 Ken Bell, photographer

Sergeant H.A. Marshall (left) and Corporal S. Kormendy, both of The Calgary Highlanders, observing terrain from a concealed firing position during scouting, stalking and sniping course, Capellen, Belgium, 6 October 1944. LAC 3596661 Ken Bell, photographer

Cpl. Steven Kormendy, left, and Sergeant Harold Marshall of the Calgary Highlanders sniper unit pose for photographer Ken Bell in Belgium on Oct. 6, 1944.

Lieutenant-Colonel D.G. Maclaughlin of the Calgary Highlanders speaks with scouts Corporal S. Kormendy and Sergeant H.A. Marshall, Kapellen, Belgium, 6 October 1944. Note they have switched to their Tams with cap badges and the size of Marshall’s kukri. LAC 3257124

As noted by the Calgary Herald,

“Harold Marshall was one of the original Calgary Highlanders who sailed for the United Kingdom on S.S. Pasteur in 1940. Four years later, he was part of an elite platoon of scouts and snipers. Specially equipped and trained in stealth and camouflage, they were the forerunners of today’s reconnaissance troops. It was a dangerous job as scouts advanced ahead of troops and snipers were often exposed to enemy fire.”

Marshall took a bullet in the leg on 15 December 1944, a wound that ended his war. He went on to work for the City of Calgary Electric System from 1946 until 1975 and died just short of his 95th birthday in 2013. 

He was also notably an avid curler, a sport he was shown partaking in his obituary.

Ken Bell would go on to profile Marshall in his excellent book, Not in Vain. 

As for the Calgary Highlanders, formed in 1910 as the 103rd “Calgary Rifles” Regiment, they still exist in battalion strength as a reserve unit, based at the Mewata Armoury in Calgary. Active in Afghanistan in recent years, their Scottish motto is Airaghardt (Onward).

Hand Salute, CPT Crozier

The (Acting) SECNAV Thomas B. Modly has booted the skipper of the USS Theodore Roosevelt, Captain Brett E. Crozier (USNA 1994), from his post over the leaked letter the carrier’s commander penned in reference to the spreading COVID-19 cases among his embarked 4,000-man crew.

Several sources told USNI News ahead of the announcement that Navy leaders in the Pacific did not recommend Crozier’s removal from command.

Modly’s two minutes of reasoning is in the video below, essentially boiling down to breaking the chain of command on the face of it, with the unpardonable sin of making Big Navy look bad on the sniff test.

Loose lips sink ships, or at least careers, anyway.

Of course, all the public attention has resulted in the crew getting the attention they needed, which was the meat of Crozier’s concerns.

Crozier had a big send-off from his crew.

A Seahawk and later Hornet driver who flew with the Warhawks of VFA-97, the Mighty Shrikes of VFA-94 and the Rough Riders of VFA-125, Crozier completed numerous downrange deployments during OIF and the Global War on Terror. Serving as the XO of USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76) for two years and then as skipper of 7th Fleet flagship, USS Blue Ridge (LCC 19), for another two before moving into the captain’s cabin of The Big Stick, Crozier was on the path for a star after 26 years of honorable service.

Instead:

Winslow Homer on the Springfield Rifled Musket

Cavalry Soldier Loading a Rifle” by Winslow Homer, circa 1864. Black chalk and white crayon on gray-green laid paper. Donated to the Smithsonian in 1912 by Charles Savage Homer, Jr..

At the time the sketch was made, Homer was a relatively unknown 28-year-old artist filing war art from the camps of the Army of the Potomac for Harper’s Weekly.

Assention 1912-12-99, via Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum

Recto: A soldier in Civil War uniform, stands in the foreground, feet spread, holding a rifle placed diagonally across his body in his left hand, using a long rod in his right hand to tamp gun powder down the barrel of the rifle.

Army’s new SDMR rifles start shipping

Heckler & Koch announced Thursday the first batch of Squad Designated Marksman Rifles left the HK-USA facility in Georgia, headed for the U.S. Army.

The platform, designated the Squad Designated Marksman Rifle (SDMR) in military service, is a variant of HK’s 7.62 mm NATO G28/HK417. The base guns are produced at HK’s factory at Oberndorf, Germany then shipped to the States where HK-USA workers in Columbus, Georgia install optics and accessories drawn from a dozen U.S.-based manufacturers.

The SDMR in all its glory, complete with HK German roll marks, offset backup sights, a Geissele mount, suppressor and Sig Tango6 optic. (Photo: HK)

More in my column at Guns.com. 

 

Sacramento’s Own

From the California Military Museum archives:

An unidentified infantry sergeant of Sacramento’s Company E (former Yuba Light Infantry) 2nd California Infantry Regiment (now the 1st Battalion, 184th Infantry Regiment [Second California]), National Guard of California. Circa 1906-1912. It is a really nice cabinet photo of a pre-WWI infantry NCO.

This photo was taken by Hodson Fotografer (sic) of Sacramento and Oakland. California Military Department Historical Collection No. 2020.11.60.

This soldier is attired in the Army’s standard M1902 pattern new service dress uniform complete with a six-button dark blue coat and cap with service cords. He has an early model Springfield M1903 .30-06 rifle at the ready, which only began replacing the Guard’s Krags in about 1906. The rifle’s companion 20-inch spear-point M1905 bayonet is on the sergeant’s belt, another new item that only began fielding in 1906.

Via Survey of U.S. Army Uniforms, Weapons and Accoutrements
https://history.army.mil/html/museums/uniforms/survey_uwa.pdf

« Older Entries Recent Entries »