80 years ago today, VADM Jesse Barrett “Oley” Oldendorf (USNA 1909), left, “dictates the terms of surrender” to RADM Tomomatsu Nakazawa (often incorrectly cited as “Vice Admiral Hoka”) and RADM Yoichi Fujii (often incorrectly cited as “Rear Admiral Yofai”) on 22 September 1945 at Wakayama, Honshu, Japan. Oldendorf, commander of Battleship Squadron One, had arrived offshore in the old dreadnought USS Tennessee (BB-43), a Pearl Harbor vet, the morning prior.
The forces in the region had long before laid down their arms and were simply providing Oldendorf the most current charts of the area, lists of naval vessels and merchant shipping in the Osaka, Kobe, and Wakayama areas, and up-to-date information on navigational aids in Southern Honshu waters in preparation for an upcoming landing by the U.S. Sixth Army’s well-traveled 33rd “Prairie” and green 98th “Iroquois” Infantry Divisions in the area scheduled for the 25th. The two divisions would remain on occupation duties in Honshu until they were deactivated in early 1946.
It turned out that a lot of the fierce defenses overlooking Wakayama beach were faux, with numerous “Quaker Guns” photographed in the region.
Close-up of a dummy AA gun that the Japanese constructed around a fish oil and acid-producing factory off the beach at Wakayama, Honshu, Japan. Photo by: T/5 Eisman, 111-SC-213311
Close-up of a dummy AA gun that the Japanese constructed around a fish oil and acid-producing factory off the beach at Wakayama, Honshu, Japan. Photo by: T/5 Eisman, 111-SC-213310
American troops of Major General Innis P. Swift’s I Corps had arrived in the Wakayama area on 7 September, and the Navy had used the port as a rally and evac point under a Beachmaster Shore Patrol for Allied POWs in the area. Between 11 to 18 September, the hospital ships USS Consolation (AH 15) and Sanctuary (AH 17), augmented by the ‘phibs USS Cabildo (LSD 16) and Hopping (APD 51), operating under the control of RADM Ralph S. Riggs with his flag on the cruiser Montpelier (CL-57), rescued 2,568 POWs including 167 were litter cases and 281 injured ambulatory personnel.
The 2,568 Allied POWs were recovered from the beach by 18 LCMs and 18 LCVPs from USS Cabildo (LSD 16) due to the clogged/mined port facilities. Note the LSD-16 hull numbers on her craft.
These men, many of whom had been imprisoned since 1941, came from POW and civilian internment camps at Obe, Zentsuji, Nii hamа (Hiroshima no. 2), Tamano (Hiroshima no. 3), Omine (Hiroshima no. 4), Motoyami (Hiroshima no. 6), and Ohama (Hiroshima no. 7). They included U.S. Sailors from Guam, U.S. Marines from Wake, U. S. Soldiers from Corregidor and Bataan, Australians captured in Java, Dutch officers from Sumatra, and British taken at Singapore and Hong Kong. Even an Armenian civilian was found.
Modern steel warships dubbed “cruisers” have been around since the 1870s and 1880s starting with the Tsarist Imperial Navy’s 5,000-ton 8-inch gunned General-Admiral (1874), the first armored cruiser, followed a few years later by the Royal Navy’s 5,600-ton 10-inch gunned HMS Shannon and what could be described as the first second class or light cruiser, the 3,700-ton 6.3-inch gunned HMS Mercury, in 1879.
Since then, hundreds of cruisers have come and gone, with the last few remaining being the nine still-active (but scheduled to retire by 2029) 9,800-ton Ticonderoga-class Aegis cruisers (122 VLS cells, 2×5″/62s) and the two equally old Russian 25,000-ton nuclear-powered Kirov-class battlecruisers, the latter the largest non-aviation surface warships in the world since USS Missouri retired for the last time in 1992. The Russians also have two 11,000-ton Slavas in service.
Norfolk, Va. (January 20, 2025) The Ticonderoga-class guided-missile cruiser USS Philippine Sea (CG 58), departs from Naval Station Norfolk to deploy to the U.S. Southern Command Area of Responsibility (USSOUTHCOM AOR) to support maritime operations with partners in the region, conduct Theater Security Cooperation (TSC) port visits, and support Joint Interagency Task Force South (JIATF-South) to deter illicit activity along Caribbean and Central American shipping routes. (U.S. Navy photo by Chief Mass Communication Specialist Evan Thompson/Released)
Of note, the Russian Admiral Nakhimov (080), which commissioned as Kalinin back in the old Soviet Red Banner Fleet in 1988 the year before the Wall came down, was recently on sea trials and is slated to return to service after being laid up since 1997 (not a misprint) with two new reactors and now packs a massive 176 VLS tubes (80 for anti-surface and 96 for anti-air warfare) and the ability to fire Kalibr-NK and/or Oniks cruise missiles as well as the Tsirkon hypersonic cruise missile. Whether or not she actually gets back in realistic service, with Moscow’s cash-strapped defense budget, is anybody’s guess, but it looks very possible.
I mean, she looks good after 27 years in ordinary/overhaul/mothballs.
Every NATO submarine skipper’s wet dream! (On August 18, 2025, the Admiral Nakhimov was assisted by tugs out to open water in the White Sea for the first set of sea trials)
Meanwhile, in the Pacific, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) 13,000-ton 112-VLS Type 055 Renhai-class guided-missile destroyers, which are rated as “cruisers” by NATO, are among the most formidable warships afloat. While eight have been commissioned since 2020, another eight are on the schedule.
PLAN’s Nanchang (DDG-101) Type 055, from a Japanese MOD intel picture/press release earlier this year. Look at all those VLS cells…
It then should come as no surprise that the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force has now re-rated its ludicrously designated 25,000-ton, soon to be F-35B carrying, Izumo-class “helicopter destroyers” (DDHs) to CVMs, or basically a “aircraft-carrying multi-role cruiser.” While CV or CVL is probably more appropriate, it is at least a call back to the 1970s concept of the 20,000-ton British Invincible class “through deck” cruisers, which were later re-rated as aircraft carriers.
190611-N-AB123-0002 SOUTH CHINA SEA (June 11, 2019) The Navy’s forward-deployed aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76) operates with the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) helicopter destroyer JS Izumo (DDH 183), June 11, 2019. The ships, along with the JMSDF destroyers JS Murasame (DD 101) and JS Akebono (DD 108) conducted communication checks, tactical maneuvering drills, and liaison officer exchanges, June 10-12, designed to address common maritime security priorities and enhance interoperability at sea. (U.S. Navy photo courtesy of JMSDF/Released)
Further, the Japanese will be designating their planned 14,000-ton 128-VLS celled SPY-7 Aegis system equipped vessel (ASEV) super destroyer as a “CG.”
The Japanese Aegis system-equipped vessels (ASEV) super destroyer will be classed as a “CG” and will be geared towards ballistic missile defense
With that in mind, maybe it is time to just go ahead and call the three 15,000-ton Zumwalt DDGs as CGs, which is what they really are, especially after they get their planned LRHW tubes.
Zumwalt undocking, 6 December 2024, Pascagoula, HII photo
Heck, let’s even revisit the circa 1980s nuclear-powered strike cruiser (CGVN) and CGHN concepts, with tons of room and spare electrical capacity or growth.
They looked at 180~ VLSs, twin 5-inch (or even 8-inch Mk 71) guns as well as room for 4-10 MH60/AV-8 platforms in a 15,000-20,000 ton package.
The U.S. “strike cruiser” concept of the 1970s which never grew beyond the model phase.
An artist’s concept of a VLS-carrying battle cruiser (CGH-67) with the SWATH (small waterplane area twin hulls) configuration. May 1986. DN-SC-86-04714
In today’s terms, that could translate to a lot of drones as well. You could build one heck of a surface action group around one of these, and using one as the AAW Boss in a CVBG is ideal.
Landing party, USS Arizona (Battleship No. 39), resting during a required 5-mile forced march with full pack near Bremerton, Washington, in 1925. The junior officer in the center leading the drill is newly minted Ensign (future CNO) Arleigh Albert “31 Knot” Burke (USNA 1923).
Landing party drill marches such as these were an annual requirement.
The battlewagon’s man crew was expected to provide a 201-man light infantry company reinforced with a machine gun detachment for service ashore if needed. Three such companies would form a battalion, such as in the Navy’s actions in Vera Cruz in 1914.
Navy Landing Party, 1914. Their uniforms are stained khaki with the use of coffee grounds. Courtesy of Carter Rila, 1986. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph. NH 100832
A Naval Landing Party Battalion consisted of 28 officers and 636 men.
A company, 6 officers, 195 men.
A rifle platoon, 1 officer, 44 men.
A machine gun platoon, 1 officer, 55 men.
A rifle squad had one petty officer squad leader and 12 men divided into three fire teams.
According to her 1924 book of plans, seen below, Arizona’s small arms locker at the time included two .30 caliber machine guns (likely Lewis guns), 350 M1903 Springfield rifles with bayonets, 100 M1911 .45 ACP pistols, and 10 cutlasses, as well as an undefined quantity of older Krag rifles.
Most ships of the era also carried a few shotguns and rimfire pistols for recreational purposes. The battleship likewise stored full marching order sets of web gear, canteens, knapsacks, blanket rolls, and button-up canvas gaiters to gather the bellbottoms.
Atlantic Fleet sailors in formation, landing force drill, circa 1909. Collection of CQM John Harold. Catalog #: NH 101534
While few large naval landing parties were sent ashore after WWII, the Navy continued to issue a manual (OPNAV P 34-03) to cover such evolutions into 1960. Under its guidelines, even destroyers and destroyer escorts were expected to cough up a trained and properly equipped 13-man rifle squad for service ashore.
How about this great, and very diverse, image released this week as part of Operation Pacific Viper, a joint DOW/DHS operation run through Southern Command that has bagged a reported 75,000 pounds of cocaine in the Eastern Pacific Ocean since early August, averaging over 1,800 pounds interdicted daily.
You have one Navy and three different Coast Guard blue water classes represented in profile. A rare shot.
(U.S. Navy Photo by Naval Aircrewman (Tactical Helicopter) 2nd Class Teague Bullard)
The include, from left to right, the 270-foot Legend (Bear) class USCGC Seneca (WMEC 906), the ancient 210-foot Reliance-class USCGC Venturous (WMEC 625), the 509-foot Flight IIA Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Sampson (DDG 102), and the frigate-sized 418-foot National Security Cutter USCGC Stone (WMSL 758).
While Sampson was commissioned in 2007, and Stone in 2021, Seneca dates to 1987, while the Ohio-born Venturous, one of just eight of her 16 sisters still in active service, was commissioned in 1968.
Another head-on shot, with an HC-130J overhead, but in a different formation with Sampson and Stone on the outside and the smaller boys in the middle. While they look high speed, the group can’t be going over 16 knots, which is the 210’s top speed these days.
Coast Guard and partner agencies support Operation Pacific Viper in the Eastern Pacific Ocean in August 2025. Operation Pacific Viper is a counter-drug operation focused on interdicting, seizing, and disrupting transshipments of cocaine and other bulk illicit drugs. (U.S. Coast Guard photo)
Nonetheless, they have all been very busy, across 20 interdictions that also netted 59 individuals suspected of narco-trafficking. And you know what happens to narco boats in the Eastern Pacific once the evidence has been documented and suspects removed.
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Warship Wednesday, September 17, 2025: ‘A Good Record, and a Proud Ship’
Courtesy of Colonel Robert D. Heinl, USMC. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph. (NH 42351)
Above we see the Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer USS De Haven (DD-727) as she supports the first and second waves of landing craft moving toward Red Beach at burning Inchon at 0700 on 15 September 1950, some 75 years ago this week, as photographed from a Marine Air Group Twelve (MAG-12) aircraft, from either VMF-214 or VMF-215.
In more ways than one, despite her service in three real-life shooting wars and a long-running tasking as a guinea pig, the “Ravin’ D” would become the poster child for Inchon, and for good reason.
The Sumners
The Sumners, an attempt to up the firepower on the previous and highly popular Fletcher-class destroyers, mounted a half-dozen 5″/38s in a trio of dual mounts, as well as 10 21-inch torpedo tubes in a pair of five-tube turntable stations. Going past this, they were packed full of sub-busting and plane-smoking weapons as well as some decent sonar and radar sets for the era.
Sumner class layout, 1944
With 336 men crammed into a 376-foot hull, they were cramped, slower than expected (but still capable of beating 33 knots all day), and overloaded (although they reportedly rode wildly when in light conditions). Still, they are fighting ships that earned good reputations for being almost indestructible.
Cost per hull, in 1944 dollars, was about $8 million, excluding armament, compared to the $6 million price for a Fletcher, a big jump.
Meet De Haven
Our vessel was the second Navy ship named in honor of LT Edwin Jess De Haven.
Born in Philadelphia in 1816, joined up with the fleet age the ripe old age of 10 as a midshipman and made his name as an early polar explorer, shipping out with the Wilkes Expedition (1839-42), and looking for Sir John Franklin’s lost polar expedition as skipper of the humble 81-foot brigantine USS Advance in 1850 as part of the Grinnell expedition. Placed on the retired list in 1862 due to failing eyesight, he passed in 1865.
His aging granddaughter, Mrs. Helen N. De Haven, made the trip to Maine’s Bath Iron Works from her home in Ardmore, Pennsylvania, in 1942 to participate in the launching ceremony for the first ship to carry his name, the Fletcher-class destroyer DD-469. Commissioned on 21 September 1942, that valiant greyhound was sunk just 133 days later, the 15th American destroyer lost in the Guadalcanal campaign.
The U.S. Navy destroyer USS De Haven (DD-469) off Savo Island, viewed from USS Fletcher, 30 January 1943, two days before she was lost. NARA image 80-G-284578
The second De Haven was a member of the much-improved Sumner class. Laid down once again at Bath Works on 9 August 1943 (just two days after the contract, NOBs-309, was issued), she was BIW Hull #228.
The late LT De Haven’s granddaughter, then 56, dutifully came to christen this second destroyer as well on a chilly 9 January 1944, sending the hull into the embrace of the Kennebec River. We all pitch in where we can in wartime.
As detailed by the Bath Independent:
Helen N. De Haven, Sponsor of USS DeHaven Photograph, January 9, 1944. Via Maine Maritime Museum 81_029/81_031
Launching of USS DeHaven DD-727, January 9, 1944 via Maine Maritime Museum D_DE_031
Commissioned 31 March 1944, her construction ran just 235 days.
Her plank owner crew was led by CDR John Bagley Dimmick (USNA 38), who would be De Haven’s skipper through the following June. Before joining De Haven, Dimmick had earned a Legion of Merit while on the staff of Commander Destroyers, Atlantic Fleet, on the team to improve the effective operation of the 5-inch gun batteries in destroyers.
On 9 July, she became the flagship of Desron 61 (Desdiv 121 and 122), the second squadron of Sumners, made up of USS Mansfield (DD 728), Lyman K. Swenson (DD 729), Collett (DD 730), Maddox (DD 731), Blue (DD 744), Brush (DD 745), Taussig (DD 746), and Samuel N. Moore (DD 747), with Capt. Jesse H. Carter moving aboard with his staff for the duration of the war.
De Haven making knots off Race Point, July 1944, via USS DeHaven.org
War!
USS De Haven (DD-727) underway in 1944. NH 52484
After shakedowns in Bermuda, De Haven pulled the mission to escort the small old flattop USS Ranger (CV 4) from Norfolk– capping the carrier’s Atlantic service– to the Pacific, where the Torch veteran would be tasked with preparing air groups out of Pearl Harbor for combat operations on the sharp end.
Dropping off Ranger in Hawaii on 3 August 1944, De Haven continued onward, escorting west-bound convoys including the carriers USS Enterprise, Intrepid, and Independence to Eniwetok before joining the fast carriers of TF 38 at Ulithi for operations in the Philippines, arriving just off Luzon as an escort with these carriers of TU 38.1.3 on 4 November.
She would continue such screens through January 1945, including raids along the Indochina coast and Formosa, with notable incidents including the rescue of a downed VF-7 Hellcat pilot from USS Hancock on 14 December and steaming through Typhoon Cobra on 17/18 December, coming to within about 35nm of the storm’s center while registering sustained 55 knot winds and mountainous seas.
Typhoon Cobra, as observed by radar. NOAA photo
De Haven spent the next several days combing the debris scattered seas for survivors from three other destroyers that were not as lucky. No less than 718 souls perished at sea during the typhoon. Nimitz noted later that “It was the greatest loss that we have taken in the Pacific without compensatory return since the First Battle of Savo.”
February 1945 brought the Iwo Jima landings and more carrier screening. It was during plane guard duties for USS Bennington on 12 February that a TBF of VT-82 was struck by a rocket accidentally fired from a Hellcat of VF-82, causing the death of two of the three men aboard the Avenger. One of De Haven’s crew, PhM2c Edward Price, dove into the open sea and rescued the pilot, Ensign Paul F. Cochran, who was being dragged under the hull by the weight of his sinking parachute. Price was recommended for the Navy and Marine Corps Medal.
On the 16th, she stood by her carriers as they made the first attacks on the coasts of the Japanese main islands since the Doolittle Raid. While the Doolittle carriers never made it closer than 650 miles from Japan, De Haven logged her position as only 150.
1/2 March saw her engage in some good old-fashioned naval bombardment, soaking Okino Daito Jima from close offshore with other destroyers overnight. She expended 14 rounds of 5″/38 Common, 432 of 40mm, and 815 of 20mm.
This dovetailed into the Okinawa landings and near constant anti-air watches for weeks, continuing this task through 13 June, including firing on at least three bogeys that came in close, counting a “sure assist” kill on an Emily. She proved a worthy lifeguard for a second time, pulling 1LT H.F. Pfremmer, USMCR, a member of Bennington’s fighter group, from the sea on 14 May.
She once again was allowed a break from plane guard and air defense duties for another fire mission, hitting Minami Daito Jima on 10 June with 104 5″/38 Common, including 23 two-gun salvos, seven four-gun salvos, and five satisfying six-gun salvos. She had hit the island on 21 April already, firing 90 rounds at its airstrip just before sunset.
Oh yeah, and she survived a second maelstrom, Typhoon Connie, during which she saved a third aviator, a pilot from USS Hornet. The “half-drowned” pilot, Lt (j.g.) John David Loeffler, USNR, was plucked from the water just eight minutes after he hit the drink, rescued by PhM2c Robert Wayne Simmons, who swam to the aviator to buckle a chest strap around him so that he could be lifted aboard with a whip hoist. Simmons was recommended for the Navy and Marine Corps medal.
Then came operations directly against the Japanese home islands proper.
On 9 July, she assumed a radar picket station some 20 miles (later 50 miles) West of the center of her task force. There, she was a control ship for inbound U.S. and RN strikes, as well as an early warning tripwire for rarely seen Japanese aircraft headed out to sea, and as a floating life guard station. She and her DesRon 61 sisters would remain on this duty through 15 August, with De Haven sinking over a dozen floating Japanese mines with 20mm cannon fire, and rescuing several downed aviators (including Lt CW Moore, USS Shangri La, 15 July; Ensign Frank Kopf, Bennington, 25 July; and Ensign J.A. Lungren, Bennington, 13 August).
She also took part in an epic littoral raid from the sea.
With each of the Sumners mounting six 5″/38s, they could get off a tremendous amount of fire when needed.
Detecting a Japanese convoy of four vessels at 2305 while still 33,000 yards away, the chase was on. Closing to within 11,000 yards by 2353, the engagement took just 16 minutes and saw the DDs fire 3,291 5-inch shells and let fly some 18 torpedoes.
The score? One Japanese merchant ship was sunk– the freighter No.5 Hakutetsu Maru (810 t), and the other, Enbun Maru (7,030 t), was damaged. The escorting IJN minesweeper (No. 1) and subchaser (No. 42) were unharmed. The little convoy was carrying a disassembled aircraft factory and was headed to Korea to set up shop, a trip that was aborted after the battle.
The American losses were zero.
As noted by the National WWII Museum, the engagement, termed today the Battle of Sagami Bay, was “the first time U.S. Navy ships entered the outer reaches of Tokyo Bay since April 1939.”
While DesRon 61 never received a commendation for the action, Halsey himself signaled afterward, pointing out that the force rode heavy post-typhoon seas into the Bay with great effect:
“Commander Third Fleet notes with great satisfaction the success of this well-planned and executed attack.
Commander Destroyer Squadron 61 is to be congratulated on the sound judgment, initiative and aggressive spirit displayed in ‘beating the weather’ to drive this attack home at the very door of the Empire.
You are unpopular with the Emperor. Well done”
When the war ended on 15 August, De Haven and her squadron were stationed closer to the Japanese mainland than any other Allied surface ships in Halsey’s Third Fleet.
She was one of just 48 Allied (37 American) destroyers at anchor in Tokyo Bay during the Surrender Ceremony on 2 September 1945, with the ghost of the old DD-409, lost at Guadalcanal, no doubt present alongside.
There, she flew the two-star flag of RADM John F. Shafroth, ComBatRonTwo. De Haven anchored just 1,000 yards off Missouri, close enough to almost smell the ink on the documents.
De Haven sailed on 20 September for the States with four battleships and two other destroyers, loaded with “stateside” bound passengers, and arriving at San Francisco on 15 October after a brief stopover at Pearl Harbor.
USS Lyman K. Swenson (DD-729) moored at San Diego, California, with two other destroyers, circa 1945-46. The middle ship is USS De Haven (DD-727). Courtesy of John Hummel, NH 89289
Between 1 February 1946 and 3 February 1947, De Haven served in the Western Pacific, joining the 7th Fleet in operations off the coast of China and patrolling off the Japanese coast.
De Haven received five battle stars for World War II service:
*Leyte Operation, Luzon attacks: 5-6, 13-14, 19-22 November and 14-16 December 1944 *Luzon Operation
-Luzon attacks — 6-7 January 1945
-Formosa attacks — 3-4, 9, 15, 21 January 1945
-China Coast attacks — 12 and 16 January 1945
-Nansei Shoto attacks — 22 January 1945 *Iwo Jima Operation
-Assault and occupation of Iwo Jima — 15 February – 4 March 1945
-Fifth Fleet raids against Honshu and the Nansei Shoto —15-16, 25 February, 1 March 1945 *Okinawa Gunto Operation
-Fifth and Third Fleet raids in support of Okinawa Gunto operations — 17 March – 11 June 1945 *Third Fleet Operations against Japan — 10 July – 15 August 1945
Four of the class were lost to enemy action during the war:
USS Meredith (DD-726) struck a mine on D-Day Plus 1, following supporting the landing at Omaha Beach, then was attacked and sunk on the way back to England.
USS Cooper (DD-695) was torpedoed and sunk on 3 December 1944 by the Japanese destroyer Take at Ormoc Bay.
On 12 April 1945, USS Mannert L. Abele (DD-733) was sunk by an Ohka (Baka) bomb during the Okinawa Campaign
USS Drexler (DD-741) met the same fate when she was sunk by a Japanese Kamikaze on 28 May 1945.
Korea!
NKPA (North Korean People’s Army) gains, 30 June–1 August 1950. Map from The Inchon-Seoul Operation, U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950–53, Vol. II (NH 97052).
Based in Japan, on 26 June 1950, De Haven and her sister USS Mansfield (DD-728) were tasked to assist in the emergency evacuation of some 700 U.S. citizens and foreign nationals from Seoul, which would fall two days later.
Just four days after the North Korean People’s Army crossed the 38th Parallel, on 29 June, the light cruiser USS Juneau (CLAA 119), packing a dozen 5″38s, in company with De Haven, fired the first naval shore bombardment of the Korean War, hitting North Korean troop concentrations at Bokuku Ko. She then performed plane guard duties for the carrier USS Valley Forge and served as the commo link between the Pusan Perimeter and the tug USS Arikara (AT-98), the inshore landing control vessel.
Tasked with blockade work along the coast, De Haven bombarded an enemy battery near Pohang on 20 August, where, working with the heavy cruiser USS Toledo, they broke up a tank attack and destroyed artillery positions. De Haven then encountered a medium vessel and three small boats on 7 September, sinking all.
Soon, De Haven was tasked to support the amphibious counterpunch to Pusan, the Inchon Landings. The beach and Wolmi-do island were held by 2,000 Norks, including the 226th Marine Regiment, to which two companies of the 2d Battalion, 918th Coast Artillery Regiment were attached with their Soviet-manufactured 76mm guns.
Task Force Group Element 90.62, consisting of De Haven and her fellow DesRon 9 Sumner sisterships USS Gurke (DD-783), Mansfield, Lyman K. Swenson (DD-729), Collett (DD-730), and Henderson (DD-785), was tasked with a high-risk mission to support the Inchon Landing.
The tin cans were ordered to steam up the 30-mile-long, treacherous, and poorly charted Flying Fish (So Sudo) Channel at high tide to bombard enemy positions at Wolmi-do and the waterfront of Inchon. They did this among floating mines (the destroyers sank 12 mines), the 918th’s 76mm field guns, and strafing runs from enemy Yaks.
While the destroyers were supported by a four-ship cruiser force filled with 8- and 6-inch guns — USS Rochester (CA-124), Toledo, HMS Jamaica (44), and HMS Kenya (14)— the deep draft cruisers could only go as far as Inchon’s outer harbor, some 14,000 yards offshore. All were provided with top cover by the planes of TF-77.
Inchon Invasion, September 1950. Wolmi-Do island under bombardment on 13 September 1950, two days before the landings at Inchon. Photographed from USS Lyman K. Swenson (DD-729), one of whose 40mm gun mounts is in the foreground. Sowolmi-Do island, connected to Wolmi-Do by a causeway, is at the right, with Inchon beyond. 80-G-420044
Five U.S. Navy destroyers steam up the Inchon channel to bombard Wolmi-Do island on 13 September 1950, two days before the Inchon landings. Wolmi-Do is in the right center background, with smoke rising from air strikes. The ships are USS Mansfield (DD-728); USS DeHaven (DD-727); USS Lyman K. Swenson (DD-729); USS Collett (DD-730), and USS Gurke (DD-783). Official U.S. Navy Photograph, now in the collections of the National Archives. 80-G-419905
Wolmi-do and Inchon. Drawing, colored pencil on paper, by Herbert C. Hahn, ca. 1951 (88-191-BB).
Derided as a “sitting duck” operation as it was to be done in daylight hours due to the tide pattern and in close proximity (within 800 yards) to shore (Collett, Gurke, and Swenson took hits from Korean 76mm batteries while De Haven got close enough to have received several .50 caliber hits but without serious damage), the destroyers nonetheless accomplished their mission and make it back out to sea before the tide plummeted and left them stranded on the mud.
As noted in the Marine Corps history of the landing:
It had been long since the Navy issued the historic order “Prepare to repel boarders!” But Admiral Higgins did not overlook the possibility of NKPA infantry swarming out over the mud flats to attack a disabled and grounded destroyer. And though he did not issue pikes and cutlasses, the crews of the Gurke, Henderson, Swanson, Collett, De Haven, and Mansfield were armed with grenades and Tommy guns for action at close quarters.
The total damage to the destroyers was structurally insignificant, however, and the combined casualties amounted to one man killed and eight wounded.
The force steamed back in on the 15th to land the Marines, following three squat LSMR rocket ships (No. 401, 403, and 404) that fired 1,000 of their fiery 5-inch bombardment salvos into the NKPA positions.
Soon, the destroyers were following up with everything they had. From L-minus 45 to L-minus 2, the four cruisers and six destroyers would dump no less than 2,845 8, 6, and 5-inch shells on Inchon and its outlying island, each ship concentrating on specifically assigned target areas.
From H-minus 180 to H-minus 5, the cruisers and destroyers were scheduled to blast their assigned targets with another 2,875 big gun shells, “smashing every landmark of tactical importance and starting fires that blazed across the whole waterfront.”
The Devil Dog-filled LCVPs and LSUs followed behind, covered by the 5-inch and 40mm fire from the destroyers. It was a resounding success, and by 0745, 3 bn/5th Marines radioed “Captured 45 prisoners. Meeting light resistance.”
The destroyers fired so many 5-inch shells in three days (1,700 on 13 September alone) that they needed to be re-barreled.
A worn-out 5″/38 gun barrel of the U.S. Navy destroyer USS De Haven (DD-727) is replaced by the destroyer tender USS Piedmont (AD-17), probably at Sasebo, Japan, circa 1951. All Hands archives.
The six “Sitting Ducks” destroyers of TE 90.62 that gave such yeoman service at Inchon, De Haven included, earned a collective Navy Unit Commendation:
“For outstanding heroism in action against enemy aggressor forces in Korea from 13 to 15 September 1950. Skillfully navigating the extremely difficult and hazardous approaches to enemy-held Inchon in advance of the initial assault against that fortress, Task Element 90.62 coolly entered the strongly fortified harbor and anchored within close range of hostile gun positions. Defying the deadly barrage of heavy enemy shore-battery fire delivered from a myriad of hidden gun emplacements scattered along the coastline, the gallant destroyers of this Element courageously proceeded to launch an accurate and crushing fire attack in the first of a series of well planned and brilliantly executed bombardments which culminated in the reduction of the port’s defenses and in successful landing of friendly forces at Inchon on 15 September 1950. Although sustaining several casualties and numerous hits from the roaring enemy shore batteries, these ships repeatedly refused to leave their assigned stations and boldly continued to return the heavy counter-fire of hostile guns until their scheduled time of withdrawal. Fully aware that with each successive entry into the treacherous channel, the peril of meeting increased resistance was greatly intensified, they braved the hazards of a hostile mine field, passed dangerously close to the enemy’s shore fortifications, and unleashed a furious bombardment which eventually neutralized the port defenses sufficiently to permit the successful amphibious landings. An aggressive and intrepid fighting unit, the daring officers and men of Task Element 90.62 achieved a splendid combat record which attests the teamwork, courage, and skill of the entire Destroyer Element and enhances the finest traditions of the United States Naval Service.”
“Teamwork, Courage, and Skill “Men of Destroyer Division 91 crowd the foc’sle and superstructure of their ships in Sasebo, Japan, to receive their Navy Unit Commendations. During the presentation on the Mansfield, a crane crew in the background continues its task of installing new gun barrels on the De Haven. Streaks of red lead on the Collett and the Swenson in the foreground show the work that has occupied all the crews while in port. By coincidence, the famed ‘Sitting Duck’ destroyers are berthed in their numerical order: USS De Haven (DD-727), Mansfield (DD-728), Lyman K. Swenson (DD-729), and Collett (DD-730).” Photograph and caption released by Commander Naval Forces, Far East, under date of 18 December 1951. Official U.S. Navy Photograph, from the “All Hands” collection at the Naval History and Heritage Command. NH 97090.
Moving past Inchon, on 26 September, De Haven used her guns to disperse a North Korean unit ambushing ROK troops before going to assist the sister destroyer USS Brush (DD-745), which had struck a mine. She escorted the damaged ship back to Sasebo, arriving on the 30th.
On 6/7 October, De Haven provided NGFS for a raid by British Royal Marines from 41 (Independent) Commando on enemy railway tunnels and bridges on the east coast of Korea. The Commandos blew the railway tunnel at Kyongsong Man, less than 20 miles south of Chongjin.
Royal Marines of 41 Independent Commandos plant demolition charges on a railway line in Korea. NARA – 520790
De Haven was ordered back to Yokosuka and Pearl Harbor for refit on 23 October, wrapping her first very hectic Korean tour.
By 12 July 1951, she was back on the gunline/blockade duty off Korea, which she maintained until 1 February 1952.
Her third Korean tour ran from October 1952, when she clocked in as the flagship for patrols in the Chongjin-Songjin-Chaho area, through 20 March 1953, the latter stint including exchanging gunfire with Chinese batteries while supporting minesweeping operations off Wonsan. In 16 days off Wonson, De Haven and her partner destroyer, USS Moore, observed the impact of 316 incoming Chinese shells, some as close as 400 yards, and provided counterbattery fire in return.
De Haven earned a Navy Unit Commendation and six battle stars for Korean War service, bringing her constellation to 11 stars with her WWII service included.
North Korean Aggression — 27 June – 12 September 1950, and 18 September – 23 October 1950
Inchon Landing — 13-17 September 1950
U.S. Summer-Fall Offensive — 18 July – 2 November 1951 and 3-27 November 1951
U.S. Summer-Fall Offensive — 28 November 1951 – 25 January 1952
Korean Defense, Summer-Fall 1952 — 21 October – 30 November 1952
Third Korean Winter — 26 January 1953 – 20 March 1953
Test bed and space support
By the early 1950s, the Navy had decided that 21-inch anti-ship torpedo tubes as well as 40mm and 20mm guns were obsolete, so conversions to the Sumners saw these deleted and replaced with six twin 3″/50 radar-controlled DP mounts and a Hedgehog ASW system.
Post-Korea, De Haven spent the next 15 years in a much more peaceful Pacific than she had known in her first decade of service as a permanently deployed Yokosuka-based destroyer. Between alternating fleet exercises, “hearts and minds” port calls, and West Pac deployments (making six voyages to the Far East from 1953 through 1959 alone), she also had some out-of-the-ordinary taskings.
In 1958, she served as an experimental vessel for the budding Rocket Assist Torpedo program, which would later become ASROC. The idea at the time was that the RATs would launch from a platform built into a destroyer’s stern twin 5″/38 gun house.
USS De Haven (DD 727) is shown with the Rocket Assist Torpedo (RAT) launching system installed on the aft five-inch gun mount. Released July 25, 1958. 330-PS-9056 (USN 710203)
Close-up view of the Rocket Assist Torpedo (RAT) launching system installed on board USS De Haven (DD 727). “An added weapon to the anti-submarine warfare forces, the rocket-assisted torpedo weapon system consists of a rocket-propelled anti-submarine torpedo 13 ½ feet in length and weighing 450 pounds. The missile is propelled through the air by a powerful rocket. The spent rocket drops away, and the torpedo continues on its way. It deploys a parachute, which stabilizes its flight and carries it down to the water. On entering the water, the torpedo releases the parachute, sheds its nose cap, and starts to search for and attack the submarine. Released July 25, 1958.” 330-PS-9056 (USN 710204)
Then came Operation Hardtack I, a series of nearly three dozen nuclear tests from 28 April to 18 August 1958 at the Marshall Islands testing grounds (Bikini Atoll, Enewetak Atoll, etc). Besides testing a variety of devices and delivery methods, Hardtack also tested how close Navy ships and aircraft could be to these “tactical nukes” and, following washdown procedures, still operate.
De Haven was on hand for 27 of 35 blasts, some as close as 5,900 yards away. The highest TLD badge reading on De Haven was 1.76 R. In that blast, Hardtack Wahoo, De Haven suffered the following damage:
Engineering Spaces–Personnel were generally calm, though they considered it violent. In some cases, personnel were frightened.
Lower Sound Room–The shockwave sounded like water rushing by the ship. A shock wave shook the ship violently with a loud cracking noise. Personnel were somewhat frightened.
Bos’n Locker– Ship vibrated violently, first fast, then slow. Sounded like water pouring into the ship. Personnel were considerably frightened
From the 476-page Hardtack case file, declassified in 1984, De Haven’s participation in the project:
The test footage from Hardtack was only cleared and released by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 2017.
FRAM’d
In the early 1960s, the remaining Sumners were ordered converted under the Fleet Rehabilitation and Modernization II (FRAM II) program to make them more capable for Cold War threats. For these ships, most pushing 15 years on their hulls, it was an eight-month mid-life overhaul, with a $7 million per hull price tag.
Sumner class destroyer FRAM II profile, circa 1968. Click to big up
FRAM II included new radars (SPS-10 2D surface-search and SPS-40 long range air search), a fixed SQS-29 sonar dome on the keel under frame 25, which increased her depth by 6 feet, the installation of a Gyrodyne QH-50 DASH ASW drone system and hangar, and the addition of a winched SQA-8 variable depth sonar on her fantail.
Because the 369-foot Sumners did not have sufficient hull length, they did not receive the ASROC system, which was part of the more extensive FRAM I program that was applied to the longer (and slightly younger) 380-foot Gearing-class destroyers. Instead, they had to make do with two triple Mark 32 torpedo tubes for Mark 44 torpedoes and two single 21-inch tubes for Mark 37 torpedoes installed between the funnels. In exchange, they lost their legacy ASW gear (Hedgehog and depth charges) as well as their 3″/50 DP gun mounts.
On 1 February 1960, De Haven began her FRAM II modernization at San Francisco, which was completed in September.
USS De Haven (DD-727) underway in an undated photograph, circa 1960s. UA 466.02
Sumner class, 1960 Janes
Newly converted, De Haven left Long Beach on 3 October 1961 for a 985-day forward deployment to 7th Fleet at Yokosuka that saw her return to California 33 months later after steaming 213,576 miles. This included 325 days in Yokosuka, 18 port calls in seven other countries, five exercises (Red Wheel, Yellowbird, Big Dipper, Lone Eagle, and Mercury), four patrols along the line of contact between China and Taiwan, the ship’s first deployment to Vietnam providing support to ready amphibious assault force, an exotic five week tour as station ship Hong Kong, and working as a plane guard for 11 different carriers.
And that’s just the stuff that’s on the record.
In 1962, she was the first ship to take on the Navy’s DESOTO patrols. This was a response to the expanded claims on territorial waters made by China on Taiwan, a geopolitical dispute from the Cold War that is still relevant nowadays. Operating with a SIGINT team aboard under the classified and direct control of ComSeventhFleet, she earned the 197th, 198th, and 199th Serious Warnings from Red China over penetration of what Peking considered its territorial waters near the old German treaty port of Tsingtao. While eight later Desoto patrols took place along east and north China and up the/Korean coast as far as the Soviet. Gulf of Tartary, and then switched to the Gulf of Tonkin ala USS Maddox, the original code name was for “DEhaven Special Operations off TsingtaO.”
She also served on the NASA recovery squadron for Mercury-Atlas MA-9 (“Faith 7,” Major Gordon Cooper, USAF) in May 1963.
In July 1966, she was once again detailed to assist NASA as part of the Gemini-Titan 10 (GT-10) recovery crew, one of the secondary splashdown zone (No. 3, off Okinawa) vessels, should the spacecraft not make the primary recovery ship, the newly commissioned USS Guadalcanal (LPH-7). As it turned out, Guadalcanal easily recovered the record-setting Gemini X, the 16th crewed American flight, including Command Pilot, LCDR John W. Young, USN, and Pilot, Col. Michael Collins, USAF, as the capsule landed just 3 miles from the ‘phib, just off the Virginia coast.
A Navy frogman assists the Gemini 10 astronauts following splashdown at 4:07 p.m., 21 July 1966. Astronaut John W. Young (climbing from spacecraft), command pilot, is the only crew member seen in this view (NASA Photo ID: S66-42772); Astronaut John Young is hoisted from the water by a recovery helicopter from the prime recovery ship. Navy frogmen wait in life rafts below. (NASA Photo ID: S66-42773)
After weeks of training to recover a splashdown space ship on a mock-up “boilerplate,” and with an Army commo sergeant and a NASA tech aboard, but Gemini X landing as planned on the other side of the globe, De Haven instead had a 1911 shoot-ex off the helicopter hangar and returned to port.
Vietnam
No destroyer based in the Pacific in the 1960s got out of deployments to Southeast Asia.
We know that De Haven went at least five times, including April-December 1963, October 1966- March 1967, April-August 1968, October 1969-March 1970, and November 1970- April 1971.
This included inland brown water service on the Mekong River in September 1963 and on the Saigon River during early March 1967, as noted by the VA Agent Orange list.
As noted by her Veterans page:
During this period of time, De Haven served as a naval gunfire support unit in I, II, III, and IV corps and Rung Sat special areas, firing over 22,000 rounds in support of these operations and other noteworthy campaigns, including direct combat engagement with North Vietnamese artillery units on multiple occasions. De Haven’s assignments included search and rescue, radar picket duty, electronic countermeasures, Snoopy Drone operations, shore bombardment, and attack carrier operations from both the “Yankee” and “Dixie” Station staging areas. De Haven participated in the rescue of four downed pilots off the coast of North Vietnam.
6×5! USS DeHaven DD 727 giving fire support near DMZ, 1966
USS DeHaven, DD 727, 1967, Tonkin Gulf, Vietnam. “The U.S. Navy destroyer USS De Haven (DD-727) is returning to the U.S. after two months of gunfire support off South Vietnam.” McLean County Museum of History, Paul Purnell Collection
QH-50 Snoopy Drone operations aboard De Haven in the Gulf of Tonkin; August 14, 1967:
She earned a Navy Unit Commendation and Republic of Vietnam Meritorious Unit Citation in August 1968.
USS De Haven (DD-727) underway off the coast of Oahu, Hawaii, on 19 November 1970. Photographer: PH3 C.P. Weston. NH 107136
With the drawdown in Vietnam, De Haven was decommissioned and stricken on 3 December 1973, capping a very active 29-year career.
Back to Korea (under a different flag)
Transferred to the South Korean Navy two days after she was stricken from the NVR, De Haven was appropriately renamed ROKS Incheon (DD-98/918) and served under the flag of that country until 1993.
The battered 48-star ensign that flew from her mast during Typhoon Cobra in 1945 is at the Maine Maritime Museum in Bath, Maine.
A plaque in the ship’s memory is at the Museum of the Pacific (Nimitz Museum) in Fredericksburg, Texas, dedicated by several veteran members of her crew. For the record, she suffered no casualties in WWII.
Her first skipper, John Dimmick, retired in 1959 as a rear admiral after 21 years of service and later became a high school history teacher in Arizona for almost two decades. He passed in 1987 at age 80.
Of De Haven’s 19 other commanders, at least two others earned stars, including her CDR William Heald Groverman Jr. (USNA ’32), who stood on her bridge on VJ Day, and CDR James Ward Montgomery (USNA ’44), who was her skipper during most of the 985-day West Pac deployment in 1961-63. Of note, Groverman had earned two Silver Stars in destroyers before he came to De Haven and only retired in 1971 after 43 years in the Navy. He had characterized De Haven as having a “good record” and being “a proud ship” in her WWII War History. He seemed like a man who would have known. They passed in 2011 and 1997, respectively.
She is remembered in a variety of maritime art.
De Haven. United States Destroyer at Wonsan. Drawing, Pencil on Paper; by Hugh Cabot; 1952; Framed Dimensions 25H X 30W. (88-187-W)
“Sudden Squall” Painting, Oil on Canvas; by R. G. Smith; 1969; “The USS de Haven (DD-727) provides anti-aircraft and anti-submarine protection for the carrier USS Coral Sea (CVA-43) while on Yankee Station, an operational staging area just off the coast of North Vietnam. The winter monsoon in that region is characterized by consistent heavy clouds and rainfall that make operations difficult.” Framed Dimensions 52 1/2H X 64 1/2W. Accession #: 88-160-FI.
Finally, German scale model maker Wolfgang Wurm crafted a 1:192 diorama of De Haven in her 1945 livery at sea during Typhoon Cobra. It is on display on level 5 of the Internationales Maritimes Museum Hamburg.
The Navy, in its infinite wisdom, has not elected to name a third destroyer De Haven, which is a shame.
Meminisse est ad Vivificandum – To Remember is to Keep Alive
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Via the archives of the U.S. Naval Submarine School at Groton comes this little nugget:
The ballistic missile submarine USS Theodore Roosevelt (SSBN-600) had a shuffleboard mounted on a torpedo rack so that the crew could play tournaments. If the sub was ever in a situation in which the rack was needed, the CO said he was prepared to fire the shuffleboard out of the tube.
A George Washington-class FBM rushed into service during the Cold War to curb the “missile gap,” using components initially assembled for the Skipjack-class nuclear attack submarine USS Scamp (SSN-588), SSGN-600 was laid down on 20 May 1958 by the Mare Island Naval Shipyard; named Theodore Roosevelt and redesignated SSBN-600 on 6 November 1958; launched on 3 October 1959; sponsored by Mrs. Alice Roosevelt Longworth– TR’s then 75-year-old daughter– and commissioned on 13 February 1961.
U.S. Navy Launches Third Polaris Submarine. U.S. Navy’s Third Fleet Ballistic Missile Submarine Theodore Roosevelt (SSBN 600) is shown during launching ceremonies at Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, California, on 3 October 1959. She is designed to fire Polaris missiles surfaced or submerged. The nuclear-powered vessel is 380 feet long and has a submerged displacement of 6,700 tons. Mrs. Alice Roosevelt, daughter of President Theodore Roosevelt, christened the boat named for her father. The photograph was released on 8 October 1959. (9/30/2014).
She was the first FBM to transit the Panama Canal and stood out of Charleston on her first deterrent patrol on 19 July, just five months after commissioning. After 46 patrols, on 1 December 1979, she became the first FBM to offload her A-3 Missiles at the newly built Explosives Handling Wharf at Bangor and was decommissioned on 28 February 1981. Her Final dismantling and recycling were completed in 1995.
We are amid the 250th anniversary of the service of one of the most criminally forgotten naval vessels in history, with a family tree that gives it the roots of the U.S. Navy.
The 104-foot 78-ton schooner, Hannah, was the first armed vessel to sail under Continental pay and control.
Acquired on August 24, 1775, she was originally owned by patriot merchant John Glover of Marblehead and named after his wife.
Her first skipper was Nicholson Broughton, a captain in the Army, while her 42-man crew was recruited from Glover’s Marblehead Regiment, which later became the 21st Massachusetts Regiment and the 14th Continental Regiment. These Marblehead men, sailors all, were described as “soldiers who have been bred to the sea.”
Her armament was just four four-pounders, as the Continental Army was cannon-poor in 1775.
She was utilized to aid General Washington in his siege of Boston by capturing British provision ships making for the harbor from British ports.
The incentive, in Washington’s orders to Broughton, was prize pay:
For your own Encouragement & that of the other Officers & Men to Activity & Courage in this Service, over & above your Pay in the continental Army you shall be entitled to one third Part of the Cargo of every Vessel by you taken & sent into Port (military & naval Stores only excepted, which with Vessels & apparel are reserved for the publick Service)—which sd third Part is to be divided among the Officers & Men in the followg Proportions:
Captain 6 Shares
1st Lieutt 5 Do
2d Lieutt 4 Do1
Ship’s master 3 Do
Steward 2 Do
Mate 1½
Gunner 1½
Boatswain 1½
Gunner’s Mate & Sergt 1½
Privates 1 Share each
Schooner Hannah. Caption: Painting by John F. Leavitt. The original painting was donated by Mr. Reynolds Girdler to USS Glover (AGDE 1). John Glover of Marblehead, Massachusetts, was the owner of Hannah, and she was “the first armed vessel fitted out in the service of the United States, 5-7 September 1775.” NH 51097-KN
Model of the schooner Hannah, the first ship commissioned by the authority of the Continental Congress, September 1775. NH 51098
She outran two British ships in a short action on 5 September, the chief of which was the 20-gun post ship HMS Lively.
“Continental Navy Schooner Hannah Evades British Ships” Caption: Depicting action off Cape Ann, Massachusetts on 5 September 1775, in which the Continental Navy schooner Hannah evaded two British ships of war. The Hannah, under the command of Captain Nicholson Broughton, was one of the three schooners built by General George Washington for the purpose of intercepting ships with British supplies headed for Boston. Published in Origin of the American Navy by Henry E. White. NH 56403
Her sole success was on 7 September, when Hannah captured the hoy (sail-powered barge) HMS Unity with a cargo of naval stores and provisions.
“Capture of British Supply Ship Unity” depicts the action off Cape Ann, Massachusetts, on 7 September 1775, in which the Continental Navy schooner Hannah, under the command of Captain Nicholson Broughton, captured the British supply ship Unity. It was the first capture made by a Continental Navy vessel. NH 56405
While sailing on a similar mission, she ran ashore on 10 October by the sloop HMS Nautilus near Beverly. Her charter rate had been $1.00 per ton per month, and she was in service for two months and 21 days, at a total cost of $208.06.
Saved from destruction and capture, Hannah was “soon decommissioned as Washington found more suitable ships for his cruisers,” notes DANFS.
Washington’s fleet would grow to six cruisers, and fly the famous, Appeal to Heaven “pine tree flag. Beverly would prove the site for outfitting the second, third, fourth, sixth, and eighth vessels in Washington’s fleet, several of which were outfitted by Glover.
Meanwhile, Capt. Broughton later became regarded as the first commodore of the United States Navy when he led two armed schooners, Hancock (sometimes seen incorrectly as Lynch) and Franklin, on a not very successful raid along the Nova Scotia coast in October 1775.
And of course, all this before the recognized birthday of the Navy, which is 13 October 1775, with the authorization by Congress of the Continental Navy.
19 October 1984: The Twin Towers dot the Gotham skyline as crackerjack-wearing gunners mates stand at attention on USS Iowa’s (BB 61) No. 1 16″/50 gun turret as the battleship approaches the southern end of Manhattan during a scheduled port visit to New York City shortly after the dreadnought was recommissioned for the third (and final) time. Note the full-color recognition flag on the roof of the gun house.
U.S. Navy photo DNST8505245 by PH1 Jeff Hilton, NARA 330-CFD-DN-ST-85-05245
Two other views from the same photographer that day, including a cameo by the Staten Island Ferry.
Now, with the future USCGC Pickering (WMSM-919) and Icarus (920) under construction, and Active (921) planning to cut steel, Austal was just approved for $314 million in LLM funding for the 4th, 5th, and 6th cutters on their schedule.
“With a range of 10,200 nautical miles at 14 knots and a 60-day endurance period, each OPC will be capable of deploying independently or as part of task groups, serving as a mobile command and control platform for surge operations such as hurricane response, mass migration incidents, and other events. The cutters will also support Arctic objectives by helping regulate and protect emerging commerce and energy exploration in Alaska.”
The program of record for the OPC is an ambitious 25 hulls, the USCG’s largest shipbuilding program in history. Every single hull will be needed to replace the 13-ship 270-foot Bear class cutters and the 16 ships of the now 50+ year old 210-foot Reliance class cutters, as well as the elderly USCGC Alex Haley (WMEC-39), which entered service with the Navy in 1971 as USS Edenton (ATS-1).
And with that, how about this interesting USNI op-ed from LCDR Keith Blevins, USCG, on how the Navy can best get to its fleet number goal by keeping the Coast Guard’s production lines open for grey hulls.
He has a point in that the Navy is sleeping on the possibility of grey-hulled National Security Cutters with frigate capabilities and 158-foot WPCs becoming a new class of Navy PCs, back-filling the much-used 170-foot Cyclones, which were retired without replacement.
The Canadian Coast Guard already has a good history of joint operations with NATO-allied Arctic CGs and Navies.
Formed in 1962 from a variety of services that date to 1867, the CGC has 119 vessels of varying sizes and 23 helicopters. This includes two large (25,000-ton) polar-class icebreakers under construction, the old 15,000-ton polar icebreaker CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent, eight medium (~5,000-ton) icebreakers, seven 4,700-ton “multi-tasked vessels,” 15 blue water offshore patrol vessels, and a whole catalog of smaller fisheries research vessels, lifeboats, and buoy tenders.
The 15,324-ton icebreaker and flagship of the Canadian Coast Guard, CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent under way in Halifax Harbor, escorted by CFAV Glenside in the foreground. Commissioned in 1969, she carries two helicopters and is slated to be replaced by 2030 by breakers being built in Finland. (Wiki commons)
The 4,737-ton Martha L. Black class “high endurance multi-tasked vessel” CCGS George. R. Pearkes (left) and the 2,080-ton fishery patrol vessel CCGS Leonard J. Cowley (right) in St. John’s Harbour, NL, Canada, August 2008. Wiki commons
The CGC also has 16 light-lift Bell 429 (seen above) and 7 medium-lift Bell 412EPI helicopters, along with several DHC-6/7/8s, King Air 200s owned and operated by Transport Canada or contractors on behalf of CCG.
The service has over 100 bases, stations, and centers, including the Canadian Coast Guard Academy and four-year Canadian Coast Guard College, the latter with about 300 officer cadets enrolled.
The Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) has some 600 armed green-uniformed officers with Smith & Wesson 5946s, rifles, and shotguns who conduct boardings from CCG ships, but there are no official figures available for how many have been transferred to the DND. The DFO had 1,908 active firearms on its latest audit.
In Canadian fashion, the change in “ownership” to DND (not the Canadian Armed Forces outright) doesn’t (necessarily) mean a more militaristic CGC. As noted by Minister of National Defense David McGuinty:
The CCG will remain a civilian Special Operating Agency. There are no plans to arm CCG personnel or assets, or to incorporate an additional enforcement role in the organization. The CCG will continue to deliver the essential services on which Canadians rely, including search and rescue, icebreaking, environmental conservation and protection, safe navigation, and supporting ocean science.
The superb silver lining for Canada is that the $2.392 billion (for 2024-25) budget for the CCG will now be counted towards the country’s long-lapsed NATO target of 2 percent of GDP in defense, which is currently only at a meager 1.37 percent. Talk about Trudeau-level L party bait and switch…
While VJ Day had come and gone, the Japanese surrender at Balikpapan, which controlled the Emperor’s occupation forces in most of the Dutch East Indies, only lowered the flag on 8 September 1945.
The official ceremony took place some 50nm offshore, aboard the River-class frigate HMAS Burdekin (K376), with the Japanese military governor of the area, VADM Michiaki Kamada, signing the document surrendering all Japanese troops in Borneo to Maj. Gen. Edward James Milford, commander of the 7th Australian Division.
At sea, off Balikpapan, Borneo. 1945-09-08. Major General E. J. Milford, general officer commanding, 7th Division, accepted surrender from VADM Kamada, commander 22nd Naval Base Force, Imperial Japanese Navy, during a surrender ceremony held on board the ran vessel, HMAS Burdekin. After the surrender ceremony, a conference between Australian and Japanese officers was held to discuss the surrender procedures. Shown, the conference in progress. AWM 115823
Kamada’s party reached the Australian frigate via the efforts of the hardbitten LCDR Henry Stillman “Stilly” Taylor, USNR, who led seven 80-foot Elco PT boats of MTBRon 27 to a rendezvous in the delta of the Koetai River on the morning of the 8th and returned the defeated detail home afterward, this time with Allied minders and a load of bananas.
PT boats that carried Japanese delegates to Balikpapan definitely included “Miss Chatterbox” (PT-377) and “Judy” (PT-375). Other boats in MTBron27 at the time included PT-356, PT-357, PT-358, PT-359, PT-360, PT-361, PT-372, PT-373, PT-374, and PT-376, although I cannot tell which other five were part of this party.
PT-375, “Judy,” was placed in service on 10 August 1943 and fought with MTBRon 27 in the Treasury and Green Islands and in the Philippines before heading to Balikpapan.
Note the late war arrangement, including heavy camouflage, Mk 13 aerial torpedoes, a light mortar on deck, and a 37mm M4 autocannon salvaged from a P-39 Airacobra. Beeldnummer NI 3192
NI 3194
Kamada is fourth from the left, clean-shaven. NI 3199
Kamada is speaking to the mustached officer. NI 3206
NI 3198
Kamada is in the center, holding the document. NI 3217
Kamada on PT alongside HMAS Burdekin
PT pulling away from HMAS Burdekin with Australian and Japanese at the negotiation table, AWM 115825
Kamada boarding PT-377 alongside HMAS Burdekin after signing, AWM 044977
Japanese surrender at Balikpapan, 8th September 1945, returning with Australian liaisons and a parting gift of bananas. Beeldnummer NI 3204
Later, a Dutch military tribunal in Pontianak convicted Kamada of war crimes for the executions of 1,500 West Borneo natives in 1944, the execution of captured Allied commandos, and the ill treatment of 2,000 Dutch POWs held on Flores Island. He was sentenced to death and executed by hanging on 18 October 1947, aged 57.
The commander of MTBRon 27, Stilly Taylor, had earned both a Silver Star and a Bronze Star as the LT(j.g.) skipper of PT-40 and later PT-46 with MTBRon 3, the first squadron to arrive in the Solomons in 1942, and had been tasked with stopping the nocturnal annoyance of the nightly Tokyo Express. This included pumping torpedoes into the destroyer Teruzuki. He had previously commanded MTBRon 14 (4 April- 6 September 1944) as an O-3 before taking over MTBRon 27 in November 1944.
Post-war, Taylor went into business and later became president of J. P. Stevens Inc., a textile company. An Oyster Bay resident and well-known yachtsman, Stilly was also part of The Colony’s croquet set and passed in 1985, aged 67.
