Category Archives: weapons

Not your regular M1…

80 years ago today, Anzio Beachhead, Italy – 8 March 1944: PFC Paul R. Umstead, of Eagle Grove Iowa, Company “D,” 39th Combat Engineers (Bullstrike), arming M1 anti-tank mines.

Time Life Archives image.

Note the combination of his M1936 suspenders web belt in classic 10-pouch configuration to support his M1903A3 Springfield slung over his back– a common weapon for engineer units. Also, note the VI Corps patch and muddy M1 helmet. There is a late-generation M1A1 Thompson SMG, with a 30-round stick mag rather than the more common 20-rounder, leaning up against the mine crate.

For reference, the M1 anti-tank mine weighed 10.56 pounds each but carried a 6-pound TNT charge.

They needed at least 264 pounds of pressure to set off, which, as the average American man in the 1940s weighed in the 150-pound range, most ground pounders would be safe to walk over one.

Despite his dangerous activities in a dangerous area, PFC Umstead would survive the war.

Biographical details by John Klear, courtesy of World War Pictures:

Paul Russell Umstead, born December 3, 1916 in Eagle Grove, Iowa. In 1937, he was listed as working for the Chicago & North Western Railroad as a snow shoveller. In the 1940 census, he was still listed as a ‘snow worker.’

Enlisted in the Army April 21, 1942 at Fort Des Moines, Iowa. Departed for overseas January 14, 1943. Returned from foreign service September 29, 1945, honorably discharged October 13, 1945

Married Maxine Sanders in 1948. Paul died and was buried in Eagle Grove in 2001, Maxine died two years later and was buried beside him.

The 39th Engineers would take part in a half-dozen World War II campaigns and earn a Meritorious Unit Commendation for its service in Italy. It is still on active duty with the 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 101st Airborne Division, today.

Skull Island Tomahawk

A 45th Fighter Squadron Curtiss P-40N Tomahawk, “Lackanocki,” is seen refueling from an F-2 type servicing truck pulled by a Cletrac M2 high-speed tractor while at Funafuti Airfield, Nanumea, Gilbert Islands.

63261A.C. NARA Local Identifier 342-FH-3A42939-63261AC

The 45th, formed at Wheeler Field, Hawaii Territory in December 1940, was decimated during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor a year later.

Reformed with newer P-40N “Sand” models, it deployed to the Gilbert Islands in November 1943, operating in turn from Funafuti, Abemama, and Makin Fields in the chain until it was recalled to Hawaii some 80 years ago this month in early March 1944– dating the above image nicely. Of note, the 45th FS during this period claimed the destruction of 11 enemy aircraft on 26 January 1944 near Aur Atoll in the Marshall Islands.

The 45th would remain in Hawaii for almost a year until February 1945, when, reequipped with late-model P-51 Mustangs to perform very-long-range bomber escort missions, it forward deployed to Iwo Jima in March 1945, where it finished the war escorting B-29s over Japan, a task that earned it a Distinguished Unit Citation.

The squadron lived on into the jet age, flying F-86s, F-100s, F-84s, F-4s, A-37s, and A-10s, the latter of which it has been pushing out of Davis–Monthan since 2009.

Of note, the 45th of the above Gilbert Islands period surfaced in the 2017 film, Skull Island, in which a 45th FS pilot, LT Hank Marlow (Will Brittain/John C. Reilly), parachutes in 1944 onto the uncharted island where a giant ape serves as the big banana and survives 29 years until an expedition arrives in 1973.

50 Years of German CH-53s

While we are familiar with the mighty CH-53 Sea Stallion and Super Stallion in USMC (and lesser USN RH/MH Sea Dragon and USAF HH/MH Jolly Green Giant) service since Vietnam, the German Bundeswehr has also been operating the type for a half-century.

Ordering 110 CH-53G (modified CH-53D) models in 1969– license produced by VFW-Fokker in West Germany– going past the Cold War, the type has been flown by the Germans in Albania, Bosnia, Iraq (including their first overseas deployment in German service, Desert Storm, where they flew 805 sorties), Kosovo, Congo, Mali, Lebanon, and Afghanistan, often to the delight of forward-deployed U.S. Marines who seemingly always need a lift.

The Germans deployed the CH-53 in Afghanistan for 18 years. Around 22,500 flight hours were flown and around five million kilometers were covered. One was lost in Kabul in 2002, resulting in the loss of 7 aboard. Bundeswehr/Sandra Elbern

They are also heavily involved in humanitarian missions. Two CH-53s were sent to Pakistan in 2005 to help with earthquake relief and the big Stallions have been a welcome sight in Europe during wildfire season, dropping 5,000L of water at a time in their “Smokey” configuration. In 2018, they were credited with stopping a fire from enveloping the town of Klausdorf.

Die CH-53 kann etwas über fünf Tonnen transportieren. Bei Waldbränden kommt der Löschbehälter „Smokey“ zum Einsatz. Bundeswehr/Jane Schmidt

Re-engined and updated with an IFR-capability, the remaining German 66 CH-53GS variants operated in three squadrons assigned to Hubschraubergeschwader 64, are set to continue in service until they are phased out in the next decade by 60 new CH-47F Block II Chinooks in an $8.5B deal announced last May. Until then, with a little help from old USMC CH-53Ds in the boneyards in Arizona, the German CH-53 will endure.

‘They don’t like it up ’em’

80 years ago this month, a great period Kodachrome of one Private Alfred Campin, 6th Battalion, Durham Light Infantry, while undergoing training in Britain, March 1944. Note his late model No. 4 Enfield, complete with wartime spike bayonet and what (may) be an early Mark III “Turtleshell” helmet (its hard to tell under the net). 

Photo by Tanner, A J (Lt), War Office official photographer, IWM TR 1596

The 6th Battalion DLI, was originally formed in 1908 from the old 2nd Volunteer Battalion DLI, as a Territorial Force battalion with headquarters in County Durham’s Bishop Auckland and eight companies in drill halls in Barnard Castle, Consett, Crook, Spennymoor, Stanhope, and Bishop Auckland. It marched off to war in 1914.

Reverting back to Territorial status interwar, the 6th DLI marched off again to France in 1940 and in North Africa (1941-43) before being shipped back to the Home Isles for reorganization and training for a return to France in June 1944. Pulled from the line in December 1944, the 6th was sent to Yorkshire to be used in training service corps soldiers as infantry then was placed in suspended animation in January 1946

Overall, the DLI continued in British Army service until 1968, when it was amalgamated into The Light Infantry, and then in 2007, when it was further amalgamated into The Rifles.

Stirring Cold Fighting Images

How about this great shot of the Whidbey Island-class dock landing ship USS Gunston Hall (LSD 44) arriving in Harstad, Norway, for a port visit in support of Steadfast Defender 24? Note her patriotic RAM launcher.

(U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Danielle Serocki)

On the landside of things from the region, Nordic Response is a Norwegian national exercise that is part of NATO’s Steadfast Defender 24 exercise series. This is the biggest in NATO’s history since the Cold War thawed, with up to 90,000 soldiers taking part this year. The aim is to exercise reinforcement of Northern Europe via the transatlantic link (think: REFORGER, but Scandinavia) and contribute to deterrence.

Of note, some 3,000 Swedish troops, including Södra skånska regementet P 7, are taking part in the exercise this year. That brings some great images of Swedish snow camo over suits, AK5 rifles (Carl Gustav-made FN FNCs) and Ksp 58 (CG-made FN MAG 58s) in white-out scheme, and Stridsfordon 90s, Terrängbil 16s, and Pansarterrängbil 360 in their natural habitat.

From the Swedish MOD:

60 Years of Getting it Done

The 71-member crew of 210-foot U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Reliance (WMEC 615) returned to their homeport at Pensacola– where the aging class is being collected– on Saturday following a 57-day counterdrug patrol that ranged into the Eastern Pacific Ocean under 4th Fleet/JIATF-South control.

And the 59-year-old (not a misprint) cutter bagged a narco sub, which continues to be a thing in those waters.

The crew of U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Reliance (WMEC 615) interdicts a low-profile vessel carrying more than $5 million in illicit narcotics in the Eastern Pacific Ocean, on Feb. 15, 2024. Patrolling in support of Joint Interagency Task Force-South, the Reliance crew stopped two drug trafficking ventures, detaining six suspected traffickers and preventing nearly 4,000 pounds of cocaine and 5,400 pounds of marijuana, worth more than $57 million, from entering the United States. (U.S. Coast Guard photo courtesy of Reliance)

Commissioned in Galveston in 1964 Reliance is the leader of her 16-ship class, of which four have been retired in recent years– only to see those old hulls transferred to overseas allies.

This black and white photo shows newly the commissioned Reliance (WMEC-615) in the mid-1960s with an HH-52 Sea Guard helicopter landing on its pad and davits down with one of its small boats deployed. Notice the lack of smokestack and paint scheme pre-dating the Racing Stripe or “U.S. Coast Guard” paint schemes. She has a 3″/50 forward as well as 20mm cannons for AAA work and weight and space for ASW Mousetraps, a towed sonar, and Mk.32 ASW tubes, although they were never fitted. U.S. Coast Guard photo.

As noted by the USCG:

In addition, the cutter made port calls in Ecuador, Costa Rica, Mexico, and Panama for the first time in the ship’s 59-year history. The cutter also crossed into the Southern Hemisphere, prompting a time-honored equatorial crossing tradition for the Reliance crew. Before returning to Pensacola, the crew conducted aviation training with aircraft from Coast Guard Aviation Training Center Mobile and steamed in formation with Coast Guard Cutter Diligence (WMEC 616) to commemorate the cutters’ upcoming 60th anniversaries this summer.

That’s One Smoking Jeep Carrier

80 years ago today.

The war diary for the Bogue-class escort carrier USS Altamaha (CVE-18), 1 March 1944:

F6F-3 Hellcat getting ready for a jet-assisted take-off from the escort carrier USS Altamaha (CVE-18), on 1 March 1944 NASM Photo No. 1996.253.7193.009.

F4U Corsair conducts a jet-assisted take-off aboard USS Altamaha (CVE-18), 1 March 1944 Photo NS0301812

I even found this great color film of the event in the NARA and uploaded it: 

USS Altamaha (CVE-18) was laid down under a Maritime Commission contract (M.C. Hull 235) on 19 December 1941 at Tacoma, Wash., by the Seattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Corp and commissioned on 15 September 1942, Capt. J. R. Tate in command.

Following brief sea trials, she spent the last two months of 1942 and all of 1943 shuttling aircraft around to various bases in the Pacific, including Marine units, replacement aircraft for the flattops of the Pacific Fleet, and USAAF squadrons, carrying the latter as far as Karachi, Pakistan.

USS Altamaha (CVE-18) transporting Army P-51 Mustang fighters off San Francisco, California on 16 July 1943. NH 106575

Then, from 21 December 1943 through the above video, she was based in San Diego and used for experiments and carrier quals.

Finally, her time as a flattop taxi and school boat was done, at the end of March she embarked VC-66, and made her way West once again, this time with her teeth in.

Altamaha won one battle star for her World War II service, was placed out of commission, in reserve, on 27 September 1946, and spent the next 15 years in mothballs. Ironically, she was scrapped in Japan, her Bethlehem steel no doubt recycled into Toyotas and Datsuns.

New Small Unit Infantry bible availible

ATP 3-21.8, Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad, is the “doctrinal guide that addresses the tactical application of techniques associated with the offense and defense for the Infantry rifle platoon and squad against a peer threat.”

The latest 596-page version of the publication was just released and is available for download here.

Silver linings and BHPs

Pacific, by Alex Colville, 1967

If you have followed this blog for over five minutes, you will know I’ve had a 40+ year love affair with the Browning Hi-Power and its clones.

With the passing of the OEM P35 in 2017, now some seven years later we have crossed a rubicon of sorts as the Browning Arms Co. has officially discontinued its Parts & Service program for the FN/Browning Hi-Power.

Luckily, perhaps the BHP custom shop that is doing the best work when it comes to the platform, BHSpringSolutions, has acquired Browning’s remaining inventory of Browning Factory Hi-Power function parts– including slide stock– and is using them both in its custom work and to produce a line of what they term Dual Caliber BH Advanced Masterpiece Hi-Powers.

And this from BH Spring on why it is a big deal about having Browning’s parts cache: 

In the history of the Hi-Power, I count at least 12 manufacturers who created well over 30 different models and versions and variants – and All of those Hi-Power Models are Serviced at the BHCustomShop Service Dept. For most of those various Hi-Powers, replacement parts are long gone.

So, one reason we wanted Brownings’ HP Parts: BHSpringSolutions uses Browning’s Factory HP Parts at our BHCustomShop Service Dept to keep over 30 different HP models running – they generally drop in everywhere and do the job.

Another reason: The consistency of quality and adherence to tolerances everywhere in the Hi-Power design is of utmost importance. Brownings’ quality of consistency in their HP parts production was very strong and commendable.

Another reason: There are still Hi-Power clones being imported into the U.S. that need certain Browning HP Parts to achieve correct function, so there’s no parts supply from that direction that interests us.

Probably the most influential reason, though, was because we know that FN/Browning is not going to ever make any more Hi-Power Parts again. In other words, when Browning decided to release their remaining inventory of Hi-Power parts, we knew “this is all there is”.

So, these are the primary reasons we wanted to acquire the remaining Browning Factory Hi-Power function parts.

Back to my question: What is the Service Life of a Well-Maintained Hi-Power pistol? If you ask Google this question, it probably references Stephen Camp’s Book where he estimated HP Service Life as 30,000 – 50,000 rounds, and barrel life to be 20,000 – 25,000 rounds. And I think those sound like reasonable guesses. However, we currently have at the BHCustomShop Service Dept a FEG Hi-Power that has a one-owner known round count of 108,000 and is on its third barrel. We’re rehabilitating his 108,000 round FEG because it doesn’t look or feel very presentable anymore – and it’s going to take replacement of all or most of the internals.

I think our friend with the 108,000 round FEG Hi-Power has gotten a lot of service-life-benefit because he concerned himself over the years with keeping his HP as well-maintained as he could.

I seem to remember that the Service Life expectation of the Beretta 92 (M9) was 50,000.

Many parts/components in the Hi-Power, or any other handgun, will not go 50,000 rounds without replacement. We refurbish and beautify a lot of Hi-Powers where the owners’ intentions for their Hi-Power is to be a family heirloom to be passed down to heirs someday. With a BHSprings Optimization and Servicing now, and a small supply of replacement springs and parts for the future, many Hi-Powers could be passed down to multiple generations and remain in perfect functional condition.

The Hi-Powers’ place as one of the Most Influential Semi-Auto Handgun Designs has already established history and is not subject to change – making them worthy of “family heirloom status”.

So, this is the complete answer about why BHSpringSolutions wanted to obtain the remaining Browning Hi-Power Factory Parts.

It is our pleasure to serve you,
Mark & Slav
BHSpringSolutions’ Co-Founders

More background surfaces on 11 January Dhow incident

There is much more color that has been added to the tragic 11 January boarding, search, and seizure of the stateless dhow of the Somali coast, reportedly packed with Iranian rocket and missile components headed for the Houthi. The boarding resulted in the deaths at sea of two SEALs, Special Warfare Operator 1st Class Christopher J. Chambers, 37, and Special Warfare Operator 2nd Class Nathan Gage Ingram, 27.

Chambers and Ingram were declared lost at sea on 22 January after being missing for 11 days

The information comes from an odd source, the DOJ, which indicted four foreign nationals this week who were members of the crew of the dhow– Muhammad Pahlawan, Mohammad Mazhar, Ghufran Ullah, and Izhar Muhammad– who made their initial appearance via teleconference before a U.S. Magistrate Judge in Richmond, Virginia. Ten other crewmembers are being held as material witnesses but are not charged.

The 31-page complaint makes some interesting reading. 

The boarding was accomplished by members of a West Coast-based Navy SEAL team and USCG MSST elements operating from the 100,000-ton sea base, USS Lewis B. Puller, supported by helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles. Once the VBSS team was aboard (sadly, after losing Chambers and Ingram in the process) they confirmed it was a stateless vessel and proceeded with the search. Although the crew at first said that they had been fishing for the past six days, there were no fish aboard and no fishing equipment in use. The crew said they were unaware of any cargo on the dhow.

What the VBSS team turned up were a series of warhead, and propulsion and guidance components for MRBMs and anti-ship cruise missiles, all “packaged without markings, labels, or identification in compartments near the front of the dhow.”

“The military’s belief that the weapons are Iranian is based in part on labels on various components, the recovery of similar exploded or destroyed missiles and destructive devices from other Houthi attacks in the region around the time of the seizure, and comparison of seized weapons to known information about Iranian manufactured missiles and rockets.”

The rocket and missile parts were found hidden in culvert piping and net float buoys and the 14-member crew transferred to the Puller, which then became a floating brig. The dhow was sunk by the Navy afterward as it was deemed “no longer safe or seaworthy.”

Several of the crew had Pakistani identification cards and in interviews, some said the dhow came from Pakistan and they didn’t know what the cargo was, while others said it came directly from Iran. One, Pahlawan, who told the rest of the crew to only refer to him as a refrigeration mechanic, was in charge. Pahlawan said he had been in Iran for two years and that he began working on the dhow 10-15 days before it left Konarak, Iran, where it had been inspected by the Iranian Navy an hour before it departed. Once they left Konarak, they took on diesel at night at Chah Bahar, a known base of the Islamic Republic of Iran Navy.

Pahlawan said he was instructed by the owner and captain of the vessel– neither of which embarked– on what heading to take toward the Somali coast and was given a sat phone to communicate with an individual through a series of calls that the FBI traced back to an individual known to be affiliated with the IRGC.

Of note, Pahlawan also had a personal cell phone and was active on Facebook, Snapchat, Instagram, and TikTok. You gotta stay on top of things, after all.

As noted by the DOJ:

Pahlawan faces a maximum penalty of 20 years in prison if convicted of unlawfully transporting a warhead, and all four defendants face a maximum penalty of five years in prison if convicted of the false statements offense. A federal district court judge will determine any sentence after considering the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines and other statutory factors.

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