Remembering the Cockleshell Heroes

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Serving and former members of the Royal Marines, a couple of weeks ago, staged a re-enactment, Exercise Itchy Blanket, of Operation Frankton – and the men who became known as the Cockleshell Heroes. They came complete with WWII kit, kayaks, and (inert) limpet mines down the Thames to place them on HMS Belfast before a crowd.

Over 80 years ago, ten marines set out on a mission to paddle right up to Nazi ships undetected and blow them up in port, and just two of them were able to exilftrate back home.

To mark the extraordinary operation, today’s marines paddled their folding ‘yaks down the Thames to the side of HMS Belfast in the heart of London and placed mock limpet mines to her side. The expedition was not only to remember the heroics of the operation, but also to raise money for a plaque to David Moffatt, one of the men involved in the original Op Frankton.

85 Pounds of Survival

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Original caption: “Early in the morning, the pilot of the North American P-51D Mustang ‘Tamra,’ heads for his plane. He carries approximately 85 pounds of personal equipment including a parachute, lifebelt, life raft, seat, survival vest, helmet, and goggles. Iwo Jima, Bonin Islands. July 1945.”

USAAF Photo 68067AC, National Archives Identifier 204982187

And from the back:

USAAF Photo 67959AC, National Archives Identifier 204982142

The pilot is identified as LT Ceil A. “Denny” Dennis of the 45th Fighter Squadron, 7th Fighter Command, 20th Air Force.

The above images were likely taken at Iwo’s South Field, where the 45th called home from March through November 1945, with most of that escorting B-29s over Japan on very long-range missions, a task that earned the squadron a Distinguished Unit Citation. These 7-8 hour flights were grueling in the cramped cockpit of the P-51, and so hard on the planes that ground crews had to change the engine’s spark plugs after every VLR to avoid fouling, as prolonged low-RPM cruising with giant drop tanks burned them out.

The history of the unit goes back to 22 November 1940, when the War Department authorized the 45th Pursuit Squadron (fighter), and it was stood up a week later as part of the new 15th Pursuit Group, Wheeler Field, Hawaii Territory.

Flying P-26 Peashooters– which they had during the attack on Pearl Harbor– the 45th remained in Hawaii on air defense tasking in P-39s and P-40s until October 1943 when, transferred to the front lines of the war in the Central Pacific, leapfrogging from Nanumea to Abermama to Makin Island. During this more offensive phase of their war, they transitioned to the P-47, and, by late 1944, had moved up to the Cadillac of the sky– the P-51.

Shuttered for six years post-war, they stood back up for Korea where they flew F-86 Sabres, then moved on to the F-100, F-84F, and F-4– which they flew in Vietnam– before downshifting to the COIN role in the A-37 Dragonfly and finally transitioned to the A-10 Warthog in 1981– which they still operate out of Davis–Monthan, at least for now.

As for Denny, born in September 1923, in Blackfoot, Idaho, he joined the Army Air Corps, aged 20, in early 1944. Completing flight training at Luke Field in Arizona, he was sent to the Pacific immediately upon graduation and joined the 45th for the duration. He survived the war, retired from the Air Force as a Lt. Colonel in 1983, and spent much time as a volunteer at the Warhawk Air Museum in Nampa, Idaho. Lt. Col. Dennis passed in 2013, age 89, leaving several children and grandchildren.

Warship Wednesday, July 2, 2025: Lost Bird of the Baltic

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Here at LSOZI, we take off every Wednesday for a look at the old steam/diesel navies of the 1833-1954 period and will profile a different ship each week. These ships have a life, a tale all their own, which sometimes takes them to the strangest places.- Christopher Eger

If you enjoy my always ad-free Warship Wednesday content, you can support it by buying me a cup of joe at https://buymeacoffee.com/lsozi As Henk says, “Warship Coffee – no sugar, just a pinch of salt!”

Warship Wednesday, July 2, 2025: Lost Bird of the Baltic

Image via the Farenthold Collection, Naval History and Heritage Command NH 65783

Above we see the Nautilus-class minenkreuzer SMS Albatross in port, likely in Wilhelmshaven or Kiel, just prior to the Great War. A slight cruiser by any measure, she was perhaps better described as a heavily armed minelayer with a profile approaching that of an elegant turn-of-the-century steam yacht.

Put in an impossible situation some 110 years ago today, she was run aground in neutral waters– and that’s where the story really starts.

The Kaiser’s Mine Cruisers

The Albatross and her half-sister ship Nautilus sprang from the lessons learned during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, which saw the aggressive use of mine warfare in fleet operations. The two ships were the size (322 feet oal/2,345 tons displacement on Nautilus, 331 ft./2,500-ton Albatross) and speed (20.8 knots) of light cruisers.

They had two stacks to vent their quartet of marine boilers and a pair of 3-cylinder compound engines. Twin military masts with mounted searchlights could accommodate an auxiliary sail rig if needed, but they don’t seem to have ever carried any canvas. They had a 1:10 length-to-beam ratio and looked fast sitting still.

Nautilus, German cruiser minelayer, photographed by Renard of Kiel while passing under the Levensau Bridge of the Kiel Canal in 1907, soon after entering fleet service on 19 March 1907. Note the rakish clipper bow and bowsprit, which Albatross did not share. While 322 feet oal, the waterline length was just 296 feet at the waterline (316 on Albatross). NH 46829

While largely unarmored, they could duke it out against smaller vessels or serve as commerce raiders due to their all-up main battery of eight 8.8 cm/35 (3.46″) SK L/35 C/01 guns in single low-angle shielded mounts. Nautilus originally carried two guns in casemate and six on upper decks, but all were later consolidated on deck, while Albatross always had hers on deck, arranged two forward, two aft, and four amidships in broadside. Magazines held a total of 2,000 15-pound shells for these guns, which had a range of 9,600 yards.

However, rather than torpedoes and secondary batteries as found on other cruisers, these twins had weight and space to accommodate a serious deck cargo of sea mines on a rail system dropping over the stern, with Nautilus rigged for 391 such “eggs” while Albatross could stow 288. With a shallow draft of just 15 feet for both sisters, they could operate in the littorals of the North, Baltic, and Mediterranean Seas, sowing their enemy seaports and strategic roadsteads shut with their mines. Alternatively, they could drop fields quickly in the path of enemy squadrons during fleet actions, covering retreats, or isolating opponents.

The German Elektrische Minen A (EMA), with a charge of 330 pounds of wet gun cotton, was the standard contact (Hertz horn) mine of the Kaiserliche Marine headed into the Great War.

Besides their dual use as mine layers and scout cruisers, both ships were given reinforced bows for service as light icebreakers or “boom chargers” as needed. The simplification of mission between the efficient mine-laying system and the single battery meant these ships had comparatively small crews of just ten officers and 191 men.

Termed Minendampfschiffe A und B on contract, both ships were built at Aktien-Gesellschaft Weser in Bremen with Nautilus (Baunummer 152) and Albatross (No. 162), sandwiched between the future Jutland veteran Nassau class battleship SMS Westfalen and the elegant NDL Reichspostdampfer liner Lutzow. Both cruisers ran 2,879,000 marks each despite the moderate differences in design. While most naval journals consider these to be one class of ship, Jane’s at the time listed each separately.

Nautilus 1914 Janes

Albatross 1914 Janes, note the different hull form.

Meet Albatross

Ordered under the 1906 program, our subject was laid down in Bremen on 24 May 1907. She was at least the second SMS Albatross in the Kaiserliche Marine, following in the path of a Kaiserliche Werft Danzig-built steam gunboat that entered service in 1871 and roamed the world on a series of exotic cruises until she was decommissioned in 1898.

The first SMS Albatross, a 4-gun steamer with a three-masted barque rig, served as a gunboat and later as a station ship and survey vessel. Disposed of in 1899, she was wrecked in commercial service in 1906.

Our Albatross took to the water on 23 October 1907, began sea trials on 19 May 1908, and was accepted and commissioned shortly after. As such, she entered service just 14 months after Nautilus.

She spent her pre-war period in a sleepy series of fleet maneuvers, mine warfare training (as a Minenschulschiff), and the like, based at Cuxhaven. The most notable incident from this time was a minor collision in 1911 with the 5,448 GRT NDL steamer Wartburg (which was later seized in 1917 and used by the Navy in the Great War as the cargo ship USS Wabash on a series of round trips between the U.S. and Saint-Nazaire).

During her antebellum service, Albatross served as a stopover for bright young officers bound for flag rank. Her first three skippers– Korvettenkapitäns Titus Turk, Karl Wedding, and Wilhelm Adelung– all went on to become admirals.

War!

When the Great War kicked off in 1914, Albatross, accompanied by the light cruiser SMS Stuttgart and half a squadron of destroyers on 25/26 August, laid an offensive barrage of 200 mines in the Tyne Estuary, a 13-mile-long field that gave the British a good bit of heartburn.

The same sortie was accompanied by Nautilus, escorted by SMS Mainz and the other half squadron of destroyers, to lay her field of 200 off the Humber.

On the way back to Germany in the fog, according to Corbett, a total of 16 British fishing craft were deep sixed by the destroyers of the two mine laying groups (six by the Albatross group and 10 by the Nautilus group) after first taking the crews prisoner then landing them in Germany for the duration.

The Tyne field laid by Albatross soon claimed the Danish coaster Skeatti Sogeli and the fishing drifter Barley Rig, the latter with the loss of five of her nine crew. Two of the four Admiralty trawlers– HMT Crathie (No.106) and HMT Thomas W Irvin (No.61)— that went to sweep the mines on 27 August were also lost. Five ratings rode the ersatz minesweepers to the bottom. The remaining Admiralty trawlers under CDR R W Dalgety, RN, managed to gingerly clear the rest of the field.

Further tasked with mine operations in the North Sea and Baltic until they froze in the winter of 1914, Albatross went back to it after the thaw in the spring of 1915.

It was on one such mission under Kommodore Johannes August Karl Franz von Karpf, to sow an offensive minefield off the Russian-occupied Aland Islands between Finland and Sweden, saw Albatross screened by armored cruiser SMS Roon (10200t, 4×8.3″,10×5.9″ guns) along with the light cruisers SMS Augsburg (4800 t, 12x 10.5 cm L45s) and SMS Lubeck (3200t, 10×4.1″) and seven torpedo boats (S 126, S 131, G 135, G 141, S 142, G 147, and S 149) assigned in July 1915.

After laying 180 mines north of Bogskar on 1 July and turning back to Germany, Albatross and her screen on the next morning, at 0615, spied Russian RADM Mikhail Bakhirev’s cruiser squadron comprised of the massive British-built armored cruiser Rurik (15000t, 4×10″, 8×8″, 20×4.7″), the French-built armored cruiser sisters Admiral Makarov and Bayan (each 8400 t and carrying two 8″ and eight 6″) and the German-designed protected cruisers Bogatyr and Oleg (each 6700 t and carrying 12×6″). This put the Germans at just 42 guns, none larger than 8-inch, versus 76 Russian guns of comparable bore or larger.

Unknown to Von Karpf, his wireless communications were intercepted and decoded by the Russian admiralty, who cued Bakhirev, originally on a mission to bombard Memel, to intercept. (The Russians were able to listen in on these communications because they had obtained Signalbuch der Kaiserliche Marine nr 151 after the light cruiser SMS Magdeburg ran aground off Odensholm the previous August.)

The running battle ensued with Von Karpf’s dispersed squadron already split in two, with Roon and Lubeck headed toward Libau, while Augsburg, Albatross, and three torpedo boats were closer to Swedish waters. The Russian cruisers Bogatyr and Oleg caught up to the humble Albatross alone, and, with 24 6-inch guns against eight 88mm pieces, it was one-sided.

SMS Albatross is attacked by Russian cruisers in Swedish waters, 2 July 1915, by Wilhelm Malchin. Der Krieg 1914/19 in Wort und Bild, 39. Heft

Oil painting by J Hägg. “Albatross under fire” Swedish Marinmuseum B1397

In the end, it was only the decision of FKpt Georg West to run Albatross inland to the shallows near the Swedish island of Ostergarnsholm that saved his ship. Remember, Albatross only had a 14-foot draft, whereas the heavily armored Bogatyr and Oleg drew 21. Beached just 500 feet offshore, aflame, and riddled with Russian shrapnel, Albatross was left alone by 0830 as Bogatyr and Oleg withdrew to the east to catch up to Roon and Lubeck, with whom they engaged in an ineffective artillery duel, later joined by Rurik.

When the smoke cleared, with the other cruisers on both sides only suffering negligible damage, it was Albatross that was wrecked.

Not only that, but she was also in Swedish territorial waters.

Internment

Sweden was neutral from 1814 to 2024, but during the Great War was for sure more aligned to the Kaiser’s sphere of influence than that of any other.

A traditional enemy of Tsarist Russia, the Swedish and German general staff had met for several loose planning sessions on how best to fight the Russians before 1914, and, once the “lights went out across Europe” in August, exports to Germany, primarily of much-needed iron ore, jumped almost 800 percent. While thousands of Swedish expatriates wore the uniforms of the Allied armies, thousands more volunteered to serve under German flags, especially when it came to fighting Russia in the hope of liberating neighboring Finland– a land that had been part of Sweden for almost 700 years.

This sets the stage for the reception that the wounded FKpt West and his crew received.

Almost immediately after the Russian cruisers left over the horizon, locals began assisting the Albatross, shuttling wounded to shore.

A field hospital was established in the sugar mill at Romakloster for the 49 wounded German sailors. Soon, a detachment of the Gotland Infantry Regiment (I/27) arrived to stand quiet guard on the beach over a grim collection of 26 men who had been killed. One crew member had fallen overboard during the shelling and could not be found.

Recovered German sailors on the beach at Gotland, covered by the naval ensign of SMS Albatross. Note the blue-uniformed Swedish troops standing guard. The fallen sailors were later interred in a mass grave just east of Östergarn Church.

Two of the crew members who died during transportation to Roma were buried at Bjorke cemetery.

Crew of the German minelayer Albatross. Swedish Marinmuseum D 14988:1

Relieved of their ship, some ~210 assorted German internees from Albatross were left in the sugar mill at Romakloster for a period.

Then, with the mill needed for the upcoming beet harvest, they were shuffled about 20 miles away to the naval shooting range at Blahall on the Tofta coast of the Swedish island of Gotland.

Finally, the internees were moved to a military camp in Skillingaryd on the mainland in the autumn of 1917.

There, they were kept under loose guard but allowed to take local employment and generally enjoyed the rest of their war.

The crew crafted a large, tabletop-sized scale model of their lost cruiser and donated it to their captors.

It later found its way into the Swedish Marinmuseum. MM11315

Grey painted model of the German warship Albatross, mounted on an oak board, and in addition, a glass stand. On the stand, a nickel silver plate engraved: “To my friend Ivar Uggla from his albatross friends Christmas 1918”.

As for Albatross, the ship was righted by the Swedish Navy and towed by the Neptunbolaget salvage company, first to the island of Faro on 23 July, then to Karlskrona. Stockholm rebuffed numerous and regular requests from the Russian government to turn her over as an earned war trophy. The Swedish government just as often cited their note of protest over the fact that the battle was largely conducted in their neutral waters.

Albatross being salvaged with Swedish torpedo boats alongside. This image was made into a popular postcard. Swedish Marinmuseum MM10668

Albatross salvaged and afloat in Gotland. She was escorted in by the Swedish destroyers HSwMS Wale and Magne. Swedish Marinmuseum MM11394

As the war wore on, the relationship between Germany and Sweden became more strained. The country suffered more than 900 civilian mariners killed during the conflict, most at the hands of U-boats and German raiders, who sank at least 132 Swedish-flagged vessels at sea. Further, the Swedish navy had lost men and ships while sweeping German mines (the gunboat Gunhild was lost to a mine in the Skagerrak with a loss of 19 lives) while the Swedish submarine Hvalen was shot up by a German armed trawler who thought she was British, leading to the death of yet another sailor.

Still, the Swedish and German military cooperated in the joint occupation of the Åland Islands off Finland in 1918 (including landing a battalion of the famed Göta Life Guards, I/2, ashore), teaming up to fight the local Reds and disarm miserable Russian garrisons on the archipelago.

Post-war, the disarmed Albatross was sailed to Danzig on her own power, arriving on 31 December 1918, and was returned to German custody. Following the Versailles Treaty and the resulting limitations placed on the then-Weimar Republic’s Reichsmarine, Albatross was deemed surplus and sold for 900,000 marks to a firm in Hamburg to be broken up for scrap in 1921.

While I cannot find out what became of the good FKpt West, the leader of the squadron when she was lost, Johannes von Karpf, went on to fight another day. Commanding the battlecruiser SMS Moltke at Jutland and later the BCs SMS Lutzow and Hindenburg, he ended the Great War as a rear admiral and retired from the Reichsmarine on 5 November 1919. He passed in Hamburg in 1941 after serving on the board of several shipping companies in that port city. The Russian squadron commander, RADM Bachirev, was shot by the Reds in 1920.

Von Karpf, seen left as the last skipper of the Kaiser’s yacht, Hohenzollern.

As for the sister of Albatross, Nautilus continued to see service in the Baltic in the latter part of the war, meeting the Russians on several occasions– including fighting with field guns, mortars, and flamethrowers while supporting German landings in Moon Sound (it pays to be able to float in 15 feet of water!). Still steaming in 1918, she was disarmed and hulked.

Retained for another decade, she was sold to a Danish firm for 180,000 marks and scrapped in 1928.

Epilogue

Albatross forever changed a piece of Sweden’s coast, where July 2 is remembered annually as “Albatrossdagen” or Albatross Day. A small museum was constructed in 1977 near where she grounded, and today it holds more than 700 images, the cruiser’s ensign, two models, uniform items, and numerous relics.

A monument is maintained on the beach near where she grounded back in 1915.

Östergarn cemetery still holds her war dead in a place of honor, complete with a memorial.

It is often visited on Albatrossdagen by the German military attaché from Stockholm. This year, German Defense Attaché Markur Bruggemeier will lay a wreath from Germany at the sailor’s grave.

A detailed 1:100 model crafted by Heinz Zimmermann of Albatross in her wartime livery is in the Marinemuseum in Wilhelmshaven

Modell (von Heinz Zimmermann) im Maßstab 1:100 des Minenkreuzers SMS Albatross im deutschen Marinemuseum in Wilhelmshaven. (Wiki Commons)

Meminisse est ad Vivificandum – To Remember is to Keep Alive

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Echoes of OBOE 2 at 80

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This week marks the 80th Anniversary of the landing at Balikpapan, Borneo. The “Ploesti of the Pacific” was finally being liberated after weeks of systematic attack by the “Jungle Air Force” of the “Fighting” 13th AAF’s bombers and fighters operating out of New Guinea and the Solomons.

As we have covered in the past, it was the peak of the U.S. Navy’s WWII UDT operations.

Official period caption: “On July 1, 1945, Americans and Australians island-hopped right into the center of the rich, Japanese-held oil fields of Balikpapan, Borneo. Units of the Navy’s Seventh Fleet paved the way for the Australian landing. In the bombardment that preceded the landings at Balikpapan, Seventh Fleet units fired over 10,000 rockets. LCI(B) 338 opens up in the first of two rocket runs made by these craft on the beach. Rockets have proven to be very effective “persuaders” in the Navy’s amphibious landings. National Archives Identifier 153724649

Underwater demolition swimmer, SF1c John Regan gets a drink and smoke after setting charges off Balikpapan, circa early July 1945. Note his sheath knife 80-G-274698

Underwater demolition swimmer, SF1c John Regan gets a drink and smoke after setting charges off Balikpapan, circa early July 1945. Note his sheath knife 80-G-274698

Going further, Operation OBOE 2 comprised the Australian 7th Division, composed of the 18th, 21st, and 25th Infantry Brigades and the 1st Armoured Regiment AIF (RNSWL) ‘A’ and B’ Sqns, complete with their 50 or so Matilda II tanks.

Barring Gallipoli, this was the largest amphibious landing in Australia’s history.

USCG-manned USS LST 66 headed for a hot beach at Balikpapan. Note the oil tanks ashore. Commissioned on 12 April 1943, LST-66 was on her 12th series of landings after hitting the beach with Marines and soldiers at Cape Gloucester, Saidor, Hollandia, Toem-Wakde-Sarmi, Biak, Noemfoor, Cape Sansapor, Morotai, Leyte, Lingayen, and Mindanao, earning eight battle stars. NARA 26-G-4741

Australian landing craft reach the beach at Balikpapan to launch the invasion of Borneo’s greatest oil refining district. Beach installations and anti-aircraft positions inland still smoke from a pre-invasion pounding by bombers and fighters of the (U.S. Air Force Number 58861AC)

Original caption: This is the Balikpapan Invasion scene snapped by Coast Guard Combat Photographer James L. Lonergan as his own picture was taken by a fellow Coast Guard Photographer, Gerald C. Anker, from an adjoining LCVP. Note the identical posters in each photo of the Aussie wading ashore, the group behind the tractor, and the Coast Guardsmen bending over the bow of the vessel. A few moments later both photographers narrowly escaped death from Jap snipers when they sought a vantage point from which to “shoot” the entire invasion beach. NARA 26-G-4721

Patrols of 29 Bn, 18th Brigade (Australian) move cautiously into the village area of Penadjam, Balikpapan, Borneo, under sniper fire. 5 July, 1945. SC 374826 Photographer: Lt. Novak. U.S. National Archives. Digitized by Signal Corps Archive.

The 25-ton Matilda II carried a 40 mm QF 2-pounder main gun, a hull-mounted GPMG, and, while slow at 15 mph on its twin Leylan engines, may have been dead meat on a European battlefield in 1945 but was aces in the Pacific.

Balikpapan, Borneo, 30 July 1945. Matilda tanks of A squadron, 1st Armoured Regiment AIF (RNSWL), being overhauled in the unit’s open-air workshop. AWM 112525

Australian 1st Armoured Regt AIF (RNSW Lancers) Matilda II in action at Balikpapan, July 1945, shown clearing a former Japanese-held Royal Dutch Shell oil refinery complex.

Oil Refinery Balikpapan OBOE 2 Australian Matilda tank ‘B Sqn 1st Armoured Regiment AWM 110916

One of the Balikpapan Matildas, “Ace,” is preserved at the NSW Lancers Memorial Museum in Parramatta.

The Museum will be holding a display on Sunday, 6th July, in Lancer Barracks to commemorate the Balikpapan anniversary. All are welcome. If you are in the area…

CMP on CMP’s new in-person Milsurp M1911 sales events

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Curious about how it’s going for CMP on their new stab at selling GI surplus M1911s to the public?

Via CMP:

On Friday, June 6, the Civilian Marksmanship Program (CMP) hosted its first of three in-person sales events for its M1911 Pistol Program.

The event featured over 400 pistols in Service and Rack grades, along with other special categories to include consecutive serial number pairs, matching pistol and rifle serial number pairs, early production, and more. These rare sales opportunities were created to allow enthusiasts to not only purchase these timeless vintage pistols but to personally hold them and view their unique characteristics up close.

“The first in-person sales event at our M1911 armory in Anniston on 6 June was very successful, based on the overall organization of the event, the curated experience, and, of course, feedback from many satisfied customers,” said Jerry O’Keefe, CMP CEO and Board Chair.

Those who attended described their experiences on the CMP Forum, with comments such as:

  • “I was in the first group this morning at 8:00 and wasn’t sure how the sale would be handled. I have to give the CMP staff a double thumbs up. From the drive-in parking, the checking in process, the briefing on rules before entering, and the display of pistols was EXCELLENT. Armorers from the M1911 shop were available to answer any questions. It was smooth, and professionalism was shown by all employees. JOB WELL DONE!!! I would attend again if I weren’t maxed out on my limit. Good luck to everyone.” – PH68
  • “The experience was fantastic . . . I was in the second group, and the tables were full . . . There was plenty of inventory for whatever you were looking for . . . “ – mvigil2391

Two dates remain for in-person M1911 Sales, set at the annual National Matches at Camp Perry in Port Clinton, Ohio! Limited tickets are still available for purchase on a first-come, first-served basis through CMP’s Competition Tracker system. (Free account required for ticket purchase: https://ct.thecmp.org/CampPerryM1911Sales.)

M1911 CP TIMES 2025 – 1

REMINDER: The lifetime purchase limit for M1911 pistols has been increased from 2 to 4. Don’t miss out on the chance to add to your vintage collection!

“We are very much looking forward to the next two M1911 in-person events upcoming at Camp Perry,” O’Keefe added. “While the experience will be different in terms of the venue, we are fully expecting to provide the same level of customer service and the same quantity, quality, and variety of M1911s to include all the special categories. I look forward to seeing you all there!”

If you have specific questions about the in-person M1911 events, contact cmp1911sales@thecmp.org. Learn more about the CMP’s M1911 Program at https://thecmp.org/sales-and-service/1911-information/!

Climb to Glory!

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Got some time to spare? If you are interested in Army history and the 10th Mountain, now some 80 years young, you are going to want to watch this.

Filmed in frigid upstate New York at Fort Drum and the majestic Colorado Rockies near Camp Hale, The High Ground follows soldiers of the 10th Mountain Division (LI) as they attempt to reconnect with their alpine roots by completing a mountain marathon eighty years in the making.

The film features footage of Army soldiers skiing, snowshoeing, climbing, rappelling, and glissading during 10th Mountain Division events, including the D-Series, the Hale to Vail Traverse, and Legacy Days.

Army University Films and the 10th MD partnered with the Denver Public Library Special Collections and Archives, History Colorado, the National Ski Patrol (NSP), Vail Resorts, the National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS), 10th Special Forces Group (Airborne), and the Colorado Army National Guard to create this documentary.

Welcome, Denton

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The future USS Jeremiah Denton (DDG 129), the third Flight III advanced Arleigh Burke-class destroyer to be built at Ingalls, was christened in Pascagoula on Saturday.

The ship’s name honors RADM Jeremiah Denton Jr., (USNA 1947), a Vietnam War veteran who earned the Navy Cross for his heroism as a prisoner of war. Denton spent 34 years as a naval aviator, including eight years as a prisoner of war in Vietnam after his Intruder was shot down while flying from USS Independence (CV-62).

He is known for his act of genius during a televised broadcast in captivity, when Denton spelled out the word “torture” through Morse code using his eyes to blink the code signal lamp-style.

Daughters of the RADM Denton, Madeleine Denton Doak and Mary Denton Lewis, performed the traditional bottle-breaking ceremony against the bow to formally christen the ship.

Ingalls has delivered 35 Arleigh Burke-class destroyers to the U.S. Navy, including the first Flight III, USS Jack H. Lucas (DDG-125), in June 2023. In addition, Ingalls Shipbuilding has five Flight IIIs currently under construction, including Ted Stevens (DDG 128), Jeremiah Denton (DDG 129), George M. Neal (DDG 131), Sam Nunn (DDG 133), and Thad Cochran (DDG 135).

Shuri Tiny Tank

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It happened 80 years ago today. A recovered Japanese Type 94 tankette in Okinawa.

Official period caption: “Japanese tankette knocked out in battle for Shuri. The tank is about 10 ft. by four and about five feet in height, and carries two men. Relative size is shown by Lt. M. A. Miller of 94 Parkway Rd., Bronxville, New York. 30 June, 1945.”

Photographer: Henderson, 3240th Signal Photo Det. U.S. Army Signal Corps photo SC 211480.

Based on the British Carden-Loyd tankettes VIb of the early 1930s– with lessons learned from the domestic 3.5-ton Type 92 heavy armored car– the Japanese Army fielded just over 800 Type 94 light armored cars starting in 1935.

Japanese Special Naval Landing Force personnel with a Carden Loyd Tankette right and a Vickers Crossley Armored Car left military exercise in 1932

Some 3.4 tons and clad in just under a half-inch of armor, they were powered by a suitcase-sized 4-cylinder 32-hp Mitsubishi Franklin air-cooled inline gasoline engine capable of hurling the little tankette and its two-man crew at speeds of up to 25 mph over good roads. Armament was just a single 7.7mm Type 92 light machine gun. The follow-on, but less numerous, Type 97 Te-Ke tankette was slightly larger and carried a 37mm tank gun, giving it much more muscle.

The Type 94 was mainly deployed in Tankette Companies attached to infantry divisions for use in the reconnaissance role. They were primarily used in China, but American troops encountered the baby tank across the Pacific as well.

1942 in northern China. A column of Japanese Type 98 tanks followed by Type 94 tankettes

An American M4A2 Sherman carrying a Japanese Type 94 tankette on its back, Namur, 1944.

Fewer than a dozen remain today, with most of those in scrap/relic condition.

Skydio, NGSW spotted in the wilds of D.C. (and pouch deep dive)

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How about this image of the future Soldier, complete with advanced nods, a suppressed M7 Next Generation Automatic Rifle in 6.8×51 with its M1157 FCS optic, and a compact (5-pound) Skydio X10 drone. Of note, the 173rd in Europe is testing using Skydio as a simple grenade dropper.

A Soldier assigned to the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) raises a drone during the Army’s 250th birthday parade in Washington, D.C., June 14, 2025. The demonstration showcased emerging capabilities including next-generation squad weapons, uncrewed systems, and mobility platforms. (U.S. Army photo by Staff Sgt. Rene Rosas)

The above Screaming Eagle is sporting double M7 mag pouches on his plate carrier, allowing for six 20-round mags plus the mag in his rifle for just 140 rounds, mimicking the old M14 loadout from 1964. This is down from the standard 210 rounds of 5.56 in 7 30-round mags, more common to the M4, which is sure to be a whammy downfield in certain situations.

Venture Surplus, which is about the king of the milsurp market right now, has the scoop on the new pouches to support the NGSW. That means some decent 7.62 battle rifle LBE is headed to the surplus market.

The M250 Pouches in 50 and 100-round formats are upgraded SAW pouches made to carry the larger rounds the M250 fires. With adjustable buckles and a little bit more room for gear and ammo, they are a solid pouch for all sorts of uses.

For the M7 Rifle comes two new pouches come. A Single Mag pouch and a Double Mag Pouch. Both are simple and securely carry magazines. The best part about them, though, is that they can hold nearly all flavors of 7.62/.308 20-round rifle mags. This lets you easily get a pouch for your battle rifle or bolt gun and get to feeding it right.

End of the (float) line

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It happened 80 years ago this month. A close look at the Curtiss-Wright SC Seahawk, the last hurrah of cruiser and battleship-carried floatplanes.

Official period caption: “Navy scout seaplane, the SC-1 Seahawk. Note pronounced Dinedral angle of wings for greater stability and skillful design of this new bird as it soars from the water, 16 June 1945.”

80-G-47761

Navy scout seaplane, the SC-1 “Seahawk”. Bow view from ahead, the comparatively narrow space taken up by the folding feature may be readily seen. Another important feature is the four-blade observation plane’s engine, 16 June 1945. 80-G-47758

Navy scout seaplane, the SC-1 “Seahawk”. Folding wings are a new feature shown on its beaching gear; they occupy less space on board a ship, 16 June 1945. 80-G-47757

Under 600 Seahawks were built, all too late to see much combat in WWII. With a first flight in February 1944, they were the American answer to the fast (235-knot/273 mph) Japanese A6M2-N (Rufe) zero floatplane, which had proved a thorn in the side of the Navy from the Aleutians to the Philippines. As such, in addition to the standard scout/recon/artillery spotting/SAR duties tasked to floatplanes, Seahawk was to act as a pocket fighter-bomber when needed.

Heck, it even resembled the Rufe in profile as well as roles.

Japanese Nakajima A6M2-N type 2 Rufe floatplane fighter bomber ONI 1945

Navy scout seaplane, the SC-1 “Seahawk”. Pilot sits in a nearly designed type of “Green House” or cockpit, more streamlined into the contour of the seaplane. As the mighty engine “revs up,” the plane skims along the water for take-off, 15 June 1945. Of note, the first operational aircraft were assigned to USS Guam (CB 2) in October 1944. 80-G-47759

Armed with two forward-firing .50 cals and the ability to tote 650 pounds of ordnance (four times that of the Rufe), Seahawk could make 272 knots while loaded, climb to 20,000 feet in eight minutes, and had a 625 nm range. This was all because they used a variant of the famed Wright R-1820 Cyclone nine-cylinder single-row supercharged air-cooled radial engine, which was common across the Navy in the FM-2 Wildcat and SBD Dauntless (and later the easy-flying Cold War T-28 Trojan).

It would have been interesting to see how they would have fared against Japanese Kawanishi N1K Kyōfū (Allied code name “Rex”) floatplane fighters adapted from the N1K land-based fighter. They ran a beefy Nakajima Homare radial engine, producing around 1,800 horsepower, and were armed with two 20mm cannons and two 7.7mm machine guns.

Kawanishi N1K Kyōfū floatplane fighters (Rex)

USS Albany CA-123 Curtiss SC Seahawk floatplanes 1947. Note the advanced Curtiss SC Seahawk floatplanes, the last of the Navy’s “slingshot planes.” They retired in 1950. NH 94373

While they replaced the myriad of SOC-1 Seagull, Vought SO2U Kingfisher and the Curtiss SOC3 Seamew floatplanes in the Navy’s inventory, Seahwk would in turn quickly be retired by 1950, replaced by the much uglier but far easier to deploy Sikosrsky HO3S (H-5) helicopter, thus ending the Navy’s 38-year run with ship-launched floatplanes that started with the Curtiss A-1 Triad in 1912.

Heavy cruiser USS Albany with a Sikorsky HO3S-1 helicopter landing on her turret, Sept 1951

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