Category Archives: US Army

Air Force Drops $2B (more) on Long Range Strike Game

From yesterday’s DOD Contract announcements, emphasis mine:

Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control, Orlando, Florida, has been awarded a not-to-exceed $1,925,877,406 firm-fixed-price, undefinitized contract action modification (P00003) to a previously awarded contract (FA8682-24-C-B001) for Joint Air to Surface Standoff Missile (JASSM) Production Lot 23 and Long-Range Anti-Ship Missile (LRASM) Production Lot Nine, as well as economic order quantity for JASSM Lot 24 and LRASM Lot 10. The modification brings the total cumulative face value of the contract to $5,180,154,533. Work will be performed in Orlando, Florida, and is expected to be completed by July 31, 2029. Fiscal 2024 missile procurement funds (Air Force) in the amount of $684,233,360; fiscal 2025 missile procurement funds (Air Force) in the amount of $612,699,675; and fiscal 2025 weapon procurement funds (Navy) in the amount of $149,250,015, are being obligated at time of award. Air Force Life Cycle Management Center, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, is the contracting activity.

Lockheed has been steadily ramping up production of JASSM and LRASM, as the long-range strike missiles and ship killers have been vetted for the Air Force’s B-1B and Navy’s F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. B-52, P-8A, F-18C/D, and F-35 are on the way.

In related news, LRASM just began flight tests with F-35Bs at Pax River. The Bravo model is the STOVL that is being used by the Marines expeditionary units.

BF-3 flt 752 WAC Envelope Expansion

Lockheed says more than 1,100 F-35s are currently operational around the globe, and the fleet has surpassed a cool 1 million flight hours. 

Zouaves and surfboats!

From Osprey’s upcoming title, American Civil War Amphibious Tactics, by Ron Field, illustrated by Steve Noon:

Hawkins’ Zouaves At Hatteras Inlet, August 28, 1861

Elements of the 9th New York Infantry, also known as Hawkins’ Zouaves [or the New York Zouaves, Little Zouaves, and Zoo-Zoos], land via surfboats on Hatteras Inlet, North Carolina, on August 28, 1861. The first major amphibious landing of the Civil War was disrupted by gale-force winds and high surf that stove many of the boats and caused the landings to be called off, leaving 323 troops stranded on the beach overnight. Re-forming at the point where they had struggled ashore, these men spent a miserable night ashore in a driving rain. Although vulnerable to attack from the Confederate garrison at Forts Hatteras and Clark, Colonel William F. Martin, commanding the Confederate defenses in the forts, overestimated their numbers and lost the initiative, surrendering to Flag Officer Silas H. Stringham, USN, the next day.

Yup, I already have it on pre-order.

Tay Ninh Umbrellas

March 1963. Static line ARVN paratroopers jump from USAF Fairchild C-123 Providers of the 346th Troop Carrier Squadron (Assault) during Operation Phi Hoa II, a tactical air-ground envelopment strike against Viet Cong in the Tay Ninh Province of South Vietnam. Between 13-22 March, no less than 1,181 ARVN paras hit the silk over Tay Ninh, near what would later be known as the “Iron Triangle” north of Saigon.

Official period caption: “Sixteen C-123s dropped more than 840 parachutists in two minutes after Vietnamese Air Force tactical fighters and bombers had worked over the area. A smoke bomb, dropped minutes before the assault, marks the drop zone.”

USAF Photo 342-AF-93093USAF, National Archives Identifier 542293

South Vietnam fielded a full four-brigade airborne division by the 1970s, with 1,000 American airborne-qualified advisors attached, although they pulled very few large combat jumps such as at Phi Hoa II. They were primarily delivered by helicopter but did continue to put their chutes to work in myriad small squad and platoon-sized recon missions (often in places they never officially were) to watch roads and conduct ambushes and small-scale raids.

Before the above image was taken, the ARVN Airborne Group, as it was termed at the time, had already made five increasingly larger combat jumps– leaping in to reinforce the garrison at Bo Tuc in March 1962, setting a two-company ambush behind a VC group north of Saigon in July 1962, conducting a battalion-sized raid at An Xuyen in August 1962, and finally two regimental-sized drops at Ap Tan Thoi and Ba Rai in January 1963.

They had a lineage that went back to the old French, who recruited and trained 1e BPVN, 3e BPVN, and 5e BPVN, which were airdropped into Dien Bien Phu in 1954. The French raised at least four colonial airborne battalions and five independent companies during their fight against the Viet Minh.

Of note, the C-123s of the 346th at the time were also used to train Air America crews and in Ranch Hand defoliant spraying operations, which were no doubt a bonus to the ARVN paras.

Spearhead

A camouflaged M4 Sherman tank fitted with a T34 60-tube 4.5-inch Rocket Launcher (Calliope) from the 17th Armored Group attached to the 76th Infantry Division, LT Gen. George S. Patton’s Third Army, carefully crosses over a Treadway bridge circa early March 1945 near Biesdorf in the Rhineland-Palatinate region of Germany.

More on the Calliope via Mark Felton: 

Activated at Fort Knox, Kentucky on 20 March 1943 as the 1st Armored Group then redesignated as 17th on 20 November 1944– three months after they landed in France– the 17th AG was attached to MG Manton S. Eddy’s XII Corps headquarters and served as a tank fire brigade. The unit crossed into Luxembourg on 21 December 1944 during the Ardennes offensive and entered Germany on 3 March 1945, helped capture Frankfurt (and the stash of art treasures and gold in a salt mine at Merkers) then finished the war in Austria, linked up with Red Army units.

Following post-war occupation duties, they inactivated in Belgium on 30 April 1946.

Wurm Swim

An unusual sight some 80 years ago this month. Likely on the Wurm River system near recently captured Aachen, Germany, March 1945, we see a great period original Kodachrome capturing U.S. Army Engineer diving unit personnel, complete with a Mark V dive helmet and suit.

Official wartime caption: “These men are members of the 1058th Port Construction Company engaged in repairing a railway bridge destroyed by the F.F.I. to prevent the Germans from retreating. Two locomotives were steamed up by the local F.F.I. and sent careening down the track into the river.”

U.S. Signal Corps Photo C-885. U.S. National Archives. Digitized by Signal Corps Archive.

L-R: Albert Boettner, Bronx, N.Y., assistant to diver; Michael Obrine, diver; E. L. Kennedy, Jackson, Miss., assistant to diver. Note that Boettner is outfitted with a black leather German officer’s sidearm holster, likely holding a P-38.

The 1058th Engineer & Port Construction Repair Group, formed at Camp Gordon Johnston, Florida, one of 11 272-man units (numbered 1051-1061) stood up specifically to repair captured waterway infrastructure in Europe post D-Day. Each company contained 16 Navy-trained salvage divers.

As noted by U.S. Army Deep Sea Divers:

The first Army Divers were trained by the U.S. Navy at Pier 88, on the North River in New York City beside the berth where the former liner “Normandy” was laying on her side after burning and sinking. The school later moved to the New York Naval Shipyard in Bayonne, New Jersey.

The strenuous training took 14 weeks and consisted of underwater welding and burning, rigging, the use of pneumatic tools, and various other skills that would be invaluable to them in the months to come.

Upon graduation from the Navy School of Diving and Salvage as Navy certified Second Class Divers, these Army Divers were sent to Fort Screven, Ga. in 1943 where they established and operated the U.S. Army Engineers Diving and Salvage School under the command of A.L. Mercer, Capt. C.E.

The curriculum at this school was patterned after the Navy school but stressed underwater welding, burning, rigging, and added the underwater use of explosives for demolition.

The divers of the 1058th were particularly busy in the ETO from July 1944 through VE-Day in rebuilding the port of Granville, the Ludendorff Bridge at Remagen (where its commander and seven men were killed by a left-behind German demo charge), and in the construction of the “Roosevelt” road bridge over the Rhine and Lippe rivers.

Today, the Army still has about 150 dive billets in its engineer units.

U.S. Army divers with the 7th Engineer Dive Detachment, 84th Engineer Battalion, 130th Engineer Brigade, partner with Philippines service members for a port clearance operation during Salaknib 2024 in Basco, Philippines, May 25, 2024. 

And they still break out the old gear, with the “Krakens” of the Hawaii-based 7th Engineer Dive Detachment using it to inter remains of Pearl Harbor vets on Battleship Row.

Army Continues to Ramp up 155mm Howitzer Shell Production

An M109A6 Paladin 155mm howitzer of Charlie Battery, 2nd Battalion, 142nd Field Artillery Brigade, fires a round during a fire mission at the Fort Chaffee Joint Maneuver Training Center near Barling, Arkansas, May 14. (U.S. Army National Guard photo by Spc. Stephen M. Wright) 05.12.2019

Five new facilities to make 155mm shells for the U.S. Army opened last year.

The Pentagon sent “more than” 200 155mm howitzers and “more than” 3 million 155mm artillery rounds to Ukraine under the Biden Administration. As many of those were pulled from existing DOD stockpiles (and the balance bought with DOD funds from places like Poland, Brazil, and South Korea), this has left many depot warehouses bare and drawn a stark red line under the fact that tube artillery remains the “King of Battle” even in the age of drones and cyber warfare.

With that, the Army has been looking to grow its production of 155mm shells, opening the first ammo plant since 1945– the new Universal Artillery Projectile Lines facility at Mesquite, Texas— last May.

The move came as the Army held ribbon-cutting ceremonies for new propelling charge facilities in Marion, Illinois, and Perry, Florida and a new load assemble pack facility in Camden, Arkansas.

This was followed last October by the inauguration of the IMT Precision Production Facility in Ingersoll, Canada, with the latter capable of producing 15,000 shell bodies per month. At that rate, the Ingersoll plant could make good on the 3 million shells sent to Ukraine by just after 2041– so long as no other rounds are used.

Now, the Army is looking to keep expanding production.

Per Picatinny Arsenal:

The Army’s Project Manager, Combat Ammunition Systems will host an Industry Day on March 20 in Parsippany, New Jersey, to engage with industry partners and explore strategies for enhancing manufacturing capabilities. The Industry Day will contribute to the U.S. Army’s continuing efforts to expand and accelerate production of 155mm artillery ammunition, aiming to reach a production rate of 100,000 shots per month by 2026.

A shot is defined as a complete 155 mm round to include fuze, primer, explosively loaded projectile, and a propelling charge. The 155 mm artillery round is the backbone of U.S. and allied field artillery, providing long-range, high explosive firepower to support maneuver forces and suppress enemy positions.

The munition is a staple of modern warfare and is used in platforms such as the M777 howitzer and the M109 Paladin. It offers a balance of range, lethality, and adaptability, with various warhead configurations, including precision-guided variants, smoke, and illumination rounds.

The push for increased 155 mm production comes as demand for artillery has surged due to ongoing global conflicts, including support for Ukraine, Israel, and broader U.S. defense readiness efforts. The event will focus on enhancing artillery propelling charge systems, investing in the industrial base, and fostering innovation in munitions development.

“Expanding 155 mm artillery production is about ensuring the Army, our allies, and international partners have the firepower needed to deter and, if necessary, decisively win conflicts”, said Colonel Leon L. Rogers II, Project Manager for Combat Ammunition Systems. “Industry Day is a critical opportunity for us to engage with our partners, drive innovation, and strengthen the industrial base. It is through strategic investments, modernization, and collaboration with industry, we are building a production enterprise capable of delivering at scale and speed.”

The Army has already made significant investments to increase its domestic production of 155 mm shots, including the commissioning of new manufacturing facilities and modernization of existing locations. Recent contracts and funding initiatives have supported efforts to expand metal parts production, load-assemble-pack capabilities, and propellant supply.

Industry partners attending the event will have the opportunity to discuss these initiatives with Army leaders and gain insight into upcoming contract opportunities.

The rapid consumption of artillery munitions in ongoing conflicts has reinforced the need for a resilient, high-output industrial base capable of meeting wartime demands.

In response, the Army launched an aggressive multi-billion-dollar expansion effort, investing in industrial modernization, workforce growth, and supply chain resiliency. As a result, current monthly production capacity has more than tripled its 2022 output.

“This Industry Day represents a call to action for American industry to continue our efforts to expand and modernize our nation’s production capacity of 155 mm artillery,” said Maj. Gen. John T. Reim, Joint Program Executive Officer for Armaments and Ammunition. “We must forge a robust and responsive industrial base that ensures our warfighters and allies have the firepower they need and when they need it in order to deter aggression and defend freedom across the globe.”

The Army’s goal of 100,000 shots per month by 2026 will require further investment in metal parts manufacturing, load-assemble- pack (LAP) facilities, and propellant production.

Companies specializing in munitions production, advanced manufacturing, materials sourcing, and logistics will have the opportunity to engage in discussions and explore future contracting opportunities.

For more information, industry partners are encouraged to register on SAM.gov for updates on 155 mm production contracts and opportunities.

GIs find Uruguay

80 years ago this week. Company B, 638th Tank Destroyer Battalion. Official wartime caption: “Cpl. Elliot Roy, Brooklyn, N.Y., Pvt. Claude Patton, Ashland, Ky., and T/5 Oscar Schnell examine a German anti-tank rifle. Seven feet three inches long, the rifle is reputed to be able to penetrate three inches of armor. Germany, 25 February 1945.” While the location isn’t disclosed, the 638th had just crossed the Roer River at Unnach in support of the 84th Infantry Division’s 334th Infantry Regiment and pushed on to capture Grantcrath, Doverhahn, Dovenrn, and Huckelhaven.

U.S. Army Signal Corps Photo SC 201377

The rifle held by the above members of the 638th TD Bn is a Polish-made Karabin przeciwpancerny wzór 35, a 22-pound bolt-action anti-tank gun chambered in the very long 7.92x107mm DS. It is missing its 4-round detachable box magazine but is easy to identify due to its donut-style muzzle break and centerline reinforcing bolt for the wooden stock.

The rifle was man-portable either on foot or in mounted service

Developed in the 1930s under great secrecy by the cash-strapped Poles, the wz. 35 was code-named “Uruguay” when introduced.

Capable of zipping through 33mm of steel armor plate at 100 yards with its diminutive 245-grain lead core steel jacketed bullet– which sat over 187 grains of nitrocellulose powder to gain a velocity of 4,180 ft/s– it was able to penetrate the 13mm of armor on the Pz.Kpfw. I. and the 15mm of plate on the Panzer II but stood no chance of taking down later model medium or heavy tanks of any sort.

Still, the Poles made some 6,500 of these guns and enough of them fell into German hands in 1939 that they were pressed into service as the PzB 35(p)/PzB 770(p) and passed on to the Finns and Italians who used them as the kiv/38 and FC 35(P), respectively.

kiv/38 (Wz. 35) seen in Finnish use in an SA-kuva pic taken at the Niinisalo Garrison on July 1 1942

Bazooka Joes

80 years ago this week. 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment. Two soldiers of an M9 2.36-inch bazooka section blow out a Japanese pillbox at Heart Point, on Corregidor Island, Philippines on or around 19 February 1945. Note their slung M1A1 Carbines and the billowing parachute silk overhead. 

Talk about a recruiting poster! Signal Corps Photo SC 201373 by Pfc. Morris Weiner.

Some 2,050 men of the Rock Force: 503rd PIR; 462nd PFABn; and 161 Abn Engr. Bn, landed topside on Japanese-held Corregidor on 16 February 1945 to destroy Japanese gun positions and allow ground forces to close in on the facility. The unit suffered 169 dead and 531 wounded in addition to more than 210 injuries in the drop itself.

It was the 503’s third combat jump of the war, having landed at Nadzab in New Guinea’s Markham Valley in Operation Alamo in September 1943 and at Noemfoor in Operation Table Tennis in July 1944.

They wouldn’t jump again until February 1967 when elements of the 2nd and 3rd Bn, 50rrd PIR would leap out over Katum, South Vietnam as part of Operation Junction City.

They are currently part of the 173rd Airborne Brigade, based at Caserma Del Din, Vicenza, Italy.

Buckeyes in Manila

A great moment showing in time, 80 years ago today. AP Photo caption, “During the hard street fighting against Japanese strongpoint at the New Police Station, Pandacan district, GIs of the 129th Infantry Regiment, 37th Infantry Division, climb through some Japanese barbed wire in Manila, Philippines. 13 February 1945.”

Check out this inset, with details showing a rifle grenade launcher on the Joe’s M1 Carbine to the left, what looks to be a religious medal hanging from the neck of the man to the right, large eye bale netting on the M1 helmets for attaching camo, and grim, determined faces.

A National Guard Division from Ohio, the 37th was known as the Buckeye Division for obvious reasons. Activated for federal service on 15 October 1940 under native son Maj. Gen. Robert S. Beightler, they shipped overseas to Fiji just six months after Pearl Harbor on 26 May 1942 and, from there went into combat in the Solomons at New Georgia the following year, campaigning around Bougainville through 1944.

January 1945 saw them, under Kruger’s Sixth Army, landing on the beaches of the Lingayen Gulf in the Philippines where they would race inland to Clark Field and Fort Stotsenburg, fight through Manila, and into Northern Luzon where they ended the war processing the last Japanese forces to surrender there post-VJ-Day.

The 37th Infantry Division suffered 5,960 battle casualties during WWII, surpassing their butcher’s bill for the Great War which stood at 5,387.

Meet the New Army Small Arms Ammo Facility

In WWII, the Army had 12 War Department-owned and operated plants dedicated to making small arms ammunition, around the clock.

These plants slowly shuttered post-war, with brief respites caused by Korea and Vietnam, until the Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant, which had been placed on “standby” in 1976, was finally closed in 2005, leaving only Lake City AAP in Independence, Missouri as the only remaining Army small arms plant.

Even at that, Lake City was run on contract at first by Olin-Winchester, then Northrop Grumman, and, since 2019, by Olin-Winchester once again.

Well, the Army is moving ahead with the construction of its first new small arms ammunition factory in decades, and it will be dedicated to making ammo for the Next Generation Squad Weapons.

The new 450,000 sq. ft., facility, built on the Lake City AAP campus, had its groundbreaking on Feb. 5.

It will feature modern manufacturing systems capable of producing “all components” of 6.8×51 Common Cartridge ammunition as part of the NGSW program.

The 6.8x51mm, seen in SIG-loaded 113-grain ball for the NGSW program and a .277 Fury commercial load (white tip). (Photos: Chris Eger/Guns.com)

The Army specified this includes “cartridge case and projectile manufacturing, energetic operations for loading and charging ammunition, product packaging, process quality controls, testing laboratories, maintenance operations, and administrative areas.”

Opening by 2028 (ish), it is expected to be able to make upwards of 400 million rounds a year– against Lake City’s legacy capacity to make 1.4 billion rounds of all other calibers. Until then, 6.8 is sole-sourced through SIG.

More in my column at Guns.com.

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