Just in case you missed it, the museum ship USS New Jersey (BB-62) this week left her pier at Camden, where she has sat for the past 30 years, headed down the Delaware River on her way to dry docking and maintenance.
The Navy Yard caught her in movement, complete with her glad rags flying on a beautiful spring day. If it wasn’t for the fact that her radar mast has been removed to allow her to pass under bridges, and the lack of bluejackets manning her rails, you would think she was headed out for a deployment.
The Ghost Army Congressional Gold Medal Ceremony, Via the U.S. House of Representatives:
Three surviving members of the Ghost Army, the top-secret WWII units that used creative deception to fool the enemy, will join House Speaker Mike Johnson, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, and other Congressional leaders at a special ceremony on March 21 at the Capitol to honor the Ghost Army with the Congressional Gold Medal.
Speaker Johnson and Senate Republican Leader McConnell will be joined at the ceremony by House Democratic Leader Hakeem Jeffries, along with the original sponsors of the legislation that passed in 2022 authorizing the award, Congress’s highest expression of national appreciation for distinguished achievements by individuals or institutions. They are Sen. Edward Markey (D-MA), Sen. Susan Collins (R-ME), Rep. Ann Kuster (D-NH), and former Rep. Chris Stewart (R-UT).
There are just seven surviving members of the Ghost Army, three of whom will attend the ceremony: ·
Bernard Bluestein, Hoffman Estates, IL. Bernie is a 100-year-old veteran of the 23rd Headquarters Special Troops. He served in the visual deception unit, the 603rd Camouflage Engineers. He joined the unit from the Cleveland Institute of Art and returned after the war for a long and successful career in industrial design. He has been a sculptor for the last 30 years.
John Christman, Leesburg, NJ. John served as a demolition specialist for the 406th. After the war, he worked in a lumber mill and the NJ Department of Corrections. He is an active baker who, at age 99, still bakes bread for his family holiday and birthday celebrations.
Seymour Nussenbaum, Monroe Township, NJ. Also 100, Seymore came to the Ghost Army from Pratt Institute and served in the 603rd, where he was friends with Bernie. Seymour helped to make the counterfeit patches used by the unit in Special Effects. He graduated from Pratt and went on to a long career in package design. He has been an avid stamp collector his entire life.
Other surviving members include James “Tom” Anderson (Dover, DE); George Dramis (Raleigh, NC); William Nall (Dunnellon, FL); and John Smith (Woodland, MI).
Many family members and relatives of the Ghost Army veterans, living and deceased, will also attend the ceremony, along with officers from the U.S. Army PSYOP forces. It will culminate a nearly 10-year effort by members and volunteers of the Ghost Army Legacy Project to win recognition for the little-known Army units that played a unique but unheralded part in the Allied victory of WWII and included such notable members as Bill Blass, Art Kane, and Ellsworth Kelly.
The ceremony will also be the first time the Gold Medal, designed and produced by the U.S. Treasury Department, will be unveiled. The ceremony is part of a two-day celebration for the veterans and their families that includes an awards dinner with featured speaker Maj. Gen. Paul Stanton, Commanding General, U.S. Army Cyber Center of Excellence and Fort Eisenhower, and a screening of a 2013 documentary that recounts the daring exploits of the units during World War II.
Ghost Army Insignia circa 1944.
The existence of the Ghost Army was top secret for more than 50 years until it was declassified in 1996. That’s when the public first learned of the creative, daring techniques the Ghost Army employed to fool and distract the enemy about the strength and location of American troops, including the use of inflatable tanks, sound effects, radio trickery, and impersonation. The 23rd Headquarters Special Troops staged more than 20 deception operations, often dangerously close to the front, in France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Germany.
This “traveling road show of deception,” of only 1,100 troops appearing to be more than 20,000, is credited with saving an estimated 30,000 American lives.
U.S. Army analyst Mark Kronman stated, “Rarely, if ever, has there been a group of such a few men which had so great an influence on the outcome of a major military campaign.”
A sister unit, the 3133rd Signal Company Special, carried out two deceptions along the Gothic Line in Italy in April 1945. The unit was joined by a platoon from the 101st Royal Engineers, a British unit equipped with dummy rubber tanks.
“What made the Ghost Army special was not just their extraordinary courage, but their creativity,” said Rep. Ann Kuster (D-NH), the House sponsor of the bill authorizing the Gold Medal. “Their story reminds us that listening to unconventional ideas, like using visual and sound deception, can help us solve existential challenges like defeating tyranny.”
Florida-born Mack W. Gwinn, Jr., the son of a retired Army officer, joined the U.S. Army Special Forces in 1961 and served until 1972, a period that included seven deployments to Vietnam, earning several Purple Hearts and the Bronze Star in the process.
Then, on return stateside following the war, he developed the Bushmaster Arm Pistol. The concept, a pistol-sized gas piston firearm that used an intermediate round rather than a pistol caliber, could rightly be described as one of the first personal defense weapons and predated the initial crop of large format AR handguns such as the OA-93 by a generation.
Moving on from Bushmaster, Gwinn went on to take out several patents on magazines as well as design and develop concepts for numerous other firearms applications including the SSP-86 pistol (see the Magnum Research Lone Eagle), developed the QCB system that FN used for the modern M2HB/M3 .50 cal, and lots of other neat stuff.
Capt. Mack W. Gwinn, Jr. (U.S. Army, Ret.), 79, died on March 11, 2024, at the Maine Veterans’ Hospital in Togus.
Some 103 years ago today: The future USS Colorado (Battleship No. 45) stern view, previous to launching by New York Shipbuilding Co., Camden, N.J., 21 March 1921.
Library of Congress Photo 19-LC-19G-18
Each of the four propeller shafts seen above was powered by a 5,424 kilowatt electric motor, fed by two Westinghouse two-phase turbo generators rated at 5,000 volts. Eight oil-fired Babcock & Wilcox water-tube boilers, each in its individual compartment, provided steam for the generators. Altogether, the ship’s power plant was rated at 28,900 electrical horsepower to provide a flank speed of 21 knots. The suite was so modern that, if needed, a single man could run her entire propulsion system from a central control room while underway.
The third USS Colorado was launched the day after the above photo was quietly taken, on 22 March 1921, sponsored by Mrs. M. Melville; and commissioned on 30 August 1923, Captain (later Rear Admiral) Reginald Rowan Belknap (USNA 1891), in command. Belknap, a veteran of the SpanAm War and the Boxer Rebellion, would be the first of Colorado’s 20 skippers stretching throughout the ship’s 24-year career.
Narrowly avoiding Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 as she was in overhaul at Puget Sound Navy Yard,Colorado went on to receive seven battle stars for her World War II service starting with the preinvasion bombardment and fire support for the invasion of Tarawa in November 1943.
In line with a 3,500-person shortfall in recruiting and retention—a nearly 10 percent shortage in the enlisted ranks—that is forcing the Coast Guard to take 13 badly-needed cutters out of service in one form or another, some aging 210-foot Reliance class cutters are being essentially placed in what would have been deemed “ordinary” back in the old days.
The CGC Confidence (WMEC-619) and CGC Dependable (WMEC-626) will therefore soon be placed in “commission special” status, pending an eventual decommissioning and likely handover to overseas allies.
The planned Offshore Patrol Cutter program, which was to replace the 210s and other Cold War-era blue water assets, is behind schedule, so there of course will be a “cutter gap.”
This means that when the actual ax falls, the crews will no longer be assigned so there will be no traditional decommissioning ceremony, just an administrative move on paper. Sad when you consider these vessels have each put in over a half-century of service. In fact, both recently returned from far-reaching ex-CONUS patrols.
Thomas Patten Stafford was a tall Oklahoman who, born too late for WWII, nonetheless served in the Oklahoma National Guard during high school and college. Starting his undergrad career at the University of Oklahoma on a Navy ROTC scholarship, he applied to Annapolis and was accepted his sophomore year for the Class of 1952, including a summer mid cruise on the battlewagon USS Missouri.
Opting to go Air Forceon graduation, Stafford qualified on the F-86 Sabre in 1954, flying with the Cold War-era 54th FIS and 496th FIS before completing Test Pilot School and becoming an instructor.
Accepted to NASA Group Two in 1962, he would head to space with crewmate Wally Schirra in 1965 on Gemini 6A, on Gemini 9 with Eugene Cernan, and orbit the moon on Apollo 10 with Cernan and his old USS Missouri cabinmate, John Young. Perhaps most famously, he shook hands while in orbit with cosmonaut Alexei Leonov during the Apollo–-Soyuz mission in 1975.
Returning to the Air Force full-time in 1975, Stafford would command the Air Force Flight Test Center at Edwards AFB and was key to the design and development of the F-117 and B-2.
Stafford retired as a lieutenant general in 1979, having flown more than 120 types of fixed-wing and rotary aircraft and three types of spacecraft, with the USAF noting the year prior that had “completed 507 hours and 43 minutes in space flight and wears the Air Force Command Pilot Astronaut Wings. He has more than 6,800 flying hours.”
Via NASA:
Today we mourn the passing of Thomas P. Stafford at the age of 93.
In December 1965, Stafford piloted Gemini VI, the first rendezvous in space, and helped develop techniques to prove the basic theory and practicality of space rendezvous.
Later he commanded Gemini IX and performed a demonstration of an early rendezvous that would be used in the Apollo lunar missions, the first optical rendezvous, and a lunar orbit abort rendezvous.
He served as the commander of the Apollo 10 ‘dress rehearsal’ mission preparing for the first Moon landing and as Apollo commander of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission, a joint space flight culminating in the historic first meeting in space between American Astronauts and Soviet Cosmonauts, which ended the International space race.
Throughout his career, Stafford helped us push the boundaries of what’s possible in air and space, flying more than 100 different types of aircraft.
Lots of stuff for those interested in periscopes lately.
New Dutch Boats
The Dutch, eschewing a domestic(ish) submarine-making initiative between Sweden’s Saab Kockums and Damen, and opting not to go German, have instead turned south and tapped France’s Naval Group to build four new SSKs to replace their aging Walrus-class boats which have been in service since the late 1980s.
The $6 billion project will see the Dutch go with conventional Shortfin Barracuda models similar to the ones proposed to Australia a couple of years ago, capping a 10-year initiative to replace the RDM-built Walruses.
A Naval Group mockup showing a Shortfin Barracuda with the current Walrus class sailing off into the sunset
The class will be known as the Orka class and will carry traditional Dutch submarine names (Orka, Zwaardvis, Barracuda, and Tijgerhaai). The first two will be delivered within a decade after the contract has been signed.
The Dutch have been in the sub business for the past 118 years, commissioning the Damen-built Onderzeeboot Hr. Ms. O-1, a Holland 7P type boat, in 1906. (NIMH 2158_012475)
Over the weekend, the Navy christened its newest Virginia-class hunter killer, the future USS Idaho (SSN 799), during a ceremony at EB in Groton.
The submarine, which began construction in 2017, will be the 26th Virginia and the fifth U.S. Navy ship to be christened with the name Idaho. She will be one of ten advanced Block IV boats of her class.
The last Navy warship named Idaho was the historic battleship BB 42, commissioned in 1919. That Idaho received seven battle stars for her World War II service and witnessed the signing of the Japanese surrender in Tokyo Bay before she was sold for scrap in 1947.
USS Idaho (BB-42). Courtesy of the Naval Historical Foundation. Collection of Vice Admiral Alexander Sharp, USN. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph NH 83900
More SSNs Appearing Down Under
And finally, the “improved” Los Angeles-class boat, USS Annapolis (SSN 760), recently arrived in HMAS Stirling in Perth.
ROCKINGHAM, Western Australia (March 10, 2024) – U.S. Navy Sailors assigned to the Los Angeles-class fast-attack submarine USS Annapolis (SSN 760) and HMAS Stirling Port Services crewmembers prepare the submarine to moor alongside Diamantina Pier at Fleet Base West in Rockingham, Western Australia, March 10, 2024.
This marks the second visit by a U.S. fast-attack submarine to HMAS Stirling since the announcement of the AUKUS [Australia, United Kingdom, United States] Optimal Pathway in March 2023. The Optimal Pathway is designed to deliver a conventionally armed, nuclear-powered attack submarine capability to the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).
“Historically, we’ve had allied SSNs visit Australian ports for many decades totaling more than 1,800 days,” said Rear Adm. Matt Buckley, Head of Nuclear Submarine Capability at the Australian Submarine Agency. “Starting with USS North Carolina (SSN 777) last August, these visits are taking on a more important meaning for the Royal Australian Navy and the Australian Submarine Agency as we build the infrastructure, knowledge, and stewardship needed to establish SRF-West in 2027.”
Great SSN Memorial Concept
Speaking of 688s, the planned USS Cincinnati Cold War Memorial & Peace Pavilion was formally unveiled last week by the Cincinnati Navy League. It’s slated to open in spring 2025. USS Cincinnati (SSN-693) was commissioned in 1978 and, decommissioned in 1996, was fully recycled by 2014 with her reactor stored at Hanford.
Unlike some SSN memorials that are just sails or diving planes, the innovative Cinncinatti memorial will be full length, 360 feet long, and include about 100 tons of material from the former submarine including much of the fairweather, the 17-foot tall rudder, and a back-up diesel engine, which was painted red and referred to as the “Big Red Machine” in homage to the Reds’ baseball team lineup in the ’70s.
Which I think is very cool and would be a great way to better salute the memory of all these SSNs and SSBNs that have sailed since Nautilus. Add a small building for additional relics, photos, and keepsakes, and you are in business
In my normal EDC travels on the Gulf Coast, I typically carry a double-stack 9mm (currently the Hellcat Pro as I have 3K rounds through it without a single reportable issue) IWB as my primary piece, often augmented by a backup gun of the single stack 9mm or 38 snub variety. Added to this is a small tactical light, a small fixed blade or large folder, and a multitool, the latter typically a Victorinox Cadet Alox as I just love Swiss Army knives.
Well, on a recent 18-day working trip to Western/Central Europe to attend IWA and visit three historic firearms makers (more on this to come), to comply with local laws my EDC was whittled down to just a SAK and a light.
The SAK of choice? A 9-tool Victorinox Pioneer X Alox, which is larger and beefier than the slimline Cadet while still falling within acceptable limits for pocket knives in the countries in which I was traveling.
It came in handy on numerous occasions, particularly in building and taking down camera gimble frames and chassis.
And, of course, there was a moment of pause to salute it when passing through its Alpine birthplace in the Swiss Confederation.
Most Americans are well aware of the majesty that is Fort Jefferson in the Dry Tortugas, a quick charter boat or seaplane ride from Key West.
Capable of holding an amazing 450 cannon in its massive six-sided, double-tiered walls (although never more than halfway armed), Fort Jefferson required 16 million bricks to complete over 15 years and is the largest masonry structure in the Americas.
Three centuries before the first brick was laid for Fort Jefferson, Juan Ponce de León visited the islands and gave them their name.
Fast forward to 1742, and, while on patrol in the War of Jenkins Ear between Britain and Spain, the 50-gun fourth-rate frigate HMS Tyger, under Captain Edward Herbert, wrecked on the uninhabited Spanish island, with her marooned crew living roughly on the site of the current fort for 66 days from where they constructed a barricade and fought a cannon duel with a Spanish sloop before setting out on an epic 700-mile voyage for Jamaica– carefully skirting Spanish Cuba– in several of the frigate’s remaining small boats and vessels constructed from her timbers.
Tyger had seen lots of campaigning over her nearly 100 years in RN service. Here, a depiction by a Dutch painter of HMS Tyger taking the Dutch ship Shackerloo in Cadiz harbor in 1674
An 18th-century map showing the route in green of the Tyger’s surviving crew’s return to Port Royal, Jamaica. Before arriving in Jamaica, the crew sailed in several makeshift small boats for 56 days.
A National Park Service diver documents one of five coral-encrusted cannons found during a recent archeological survey in Dry Tortugas National Park. NPS Photo by Brett Seymour.
From the NPS presser:
Using leads from historical research, archeologists from Dry Tortugas National Park, the Submerged Resources Center, and the Southeast Archeological Center surveyed the site in 2021 and found five cannons approximately 500 yards from the main wreck site. Buried in the margins of the old logbooks was a reference that described how the crew “lightened her forward” after initially running aground, briefly refloating the vessel and then sinking in shallow water.
Based on their size, features and location, the guns were determined to be British six and nine-pound cannons thrown overboard when HMS Tyger first ran aground. This discovery and reevaluation of the site led archeologists to make a sound argument that the wreck first located in 1993 was in fact the remains of HMS Tyger. The findings were recently published in the International Journal of Nautical Archaeology.
“Archeological finds are exciting, but connecting those finds to the historical record helps us tell the stories of the people that came before us and the events they experienced,” said Park Manager James Crutchfield. “This particular story is one of perseverance and survival. National parks help to protect these untold stories as they come to light.”
St. Patrick’s Day in a dugout, 80 years ago today, the official caption: “Men of the 2nd Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers read ‘Ireland’s Saturday Night’, a Belfast newspaper, in their foxhole in the Anzio bridgehead, 17 March 1944.”
Loughlin (Sgt), No 2 Army Film & Photographic Unit. Note SMLE MkIIIs IWM NA 13062
A patrol from the 2nd Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers at Anzio, Italy, March 1944. Note the No. 4 Enfields. IWM NA13224
St Patrick’s Day in the Anzio bridgehead, 5th Army. While L/CPL Niland is playing the bagpipes, RSM Kilduf issues a special rum ration to Fusiler Rogers of Drunsteeple. The unit is an Irish battalion: the 2nd Battalion, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, 17 March 1944. Photo by LT G. Loughlin, No. 2 Army Film and Photo Section, Army Film and Photographic Unit. IWM NA 13057
The 2nd saw garrison duties across the British Empire, including Hong Kong, Singapore, Ireland, South Africa, and India– where it fought in the Tirah Expedition (1897) on the North West Frontier of India. Then came service in the Boer War and further pre-Great War postings to Egypt, Crete, Malta, China, and India. The 2nd then landed with the British Expeditionary Force’s 4th Division in France in August 1914, and remained there for the duration, finishing Armistice Day as part of the 36th (Ulster) Division.
Disbanded a second time from 1948 to 1952 on being reformed, 2 RIF went on to serve in the Suez and Cyprus, where it engaged EOKA insurgents in 1954-55 before permanently disbanded the following year.
The legacy of the battalion was transferred in 1968 when the regiment was amalgamated with The Royal Ulster Rifles and The Royal Irish Fusiliers (Princess Victoria’s), to form The Royal Irish Rangers (27th (Inniskilling), 83rd and 87th), which was then further merged in 1992 when it was folded into The Royal Irish Regiment, which still exists.
