Vale, Bismarck slayer

 Visiting the RN Historic Flight in 2008 to get re-acquainted with the Swordfish, the obsolete "flying stringbag" that proved so useful against both the Bismarck and at Taranto.

Jock visiting the RN Historic Flight in 2008 to get re-acquainted with the Swordfish, the obsolete “flying stringbag” that proved so useful against both the Bismarck and at Taranto.

Swordfish pilot Lt Cdr John ‘Jock’ Moffat  – credited with launching the torpedo which crippled the Bismarck in 1941 – has died at the age of 97.

The Scotsman, who always played down his role in the attack, was a lifelong champion of naval aviation and friend of the Fleet Air Arm.

2016 ends for Naval aviation as it began – with the loss of one of its greatest heroes.

The torpedo dropped by his Swordfish at dusk on May 26 1941 jammed the rudder of Hitler’s flagship.

Despite every effort by its crew, the battleship steamed in circles until the guns of the Royal Navy’s Home Fleet arrived the next morning to finish Bismarck off – and avenge the loss of the world-famous battle-cruiser Hood, which the German leviathan had blown up three days earlier.

The air strike carried out by the biplanes of HMS Victorious and Ark Royal at last light on May 26 had been Britain’s last hope of slowing or stopping the Bismarck before it reached the relative safety of waters off France.

With his crew of observer Sub Lt ‘Dusty’ Miller, and telegraphist/air gunner Albert Hayman, a 21-year-old Jock Moffat took off in Swordfish L9726 from the deck of Ark Royal and made for Bismarck, fighting against driving rain, low cloud and a Force 9 gale.

He flew in at 50 feet, barely skimming the surface of the waves, in a hail of bullets and shells, to get the best possible angle of attack on the ship and, at 9.05pm, dropped the fateful torpedo.

“When Churchill gave the order to sink the Bismarck, we knew we just had to stop her trail of devastation at all costs!” said Jock.

“We dived in through the murk, into a lethal storm of shells and bullets.

Bismarck’s guns erupted and in the hail of hot bullets and tracer, I couldn’t see any of the other Swordfish.

“I thought the closer we were to the water the better chance we had of surviving so we flew in bouncing off the tops of the waves – and it worked.

“The great thing about the Swordfish was that the bullets just went straight through. After all, it was only made of canvas. It was like David and Goliath!”

More on Jock, here.

The world is a little more gray today.

swordfish-attack-on-the-bismarchk

The ‘new’ Inland looks to bring back the ‘old’ T3 .30 Caliber Carbine

Ohio-based Inland Manufacturing team has reached back into the history books for a rare scoped version of the classic M1 Carbine of World War II.

Founded in 2013, Inland has been making a series of classic reproductions of U.S. martial arms to include a new production model of the M37 Trench shotgun, the GI 1911, and several variants of the “warbaby” .30 caliber M1 Carbine. The new company named themselves after the Inland Manufacturing Division of General Motors, originally established in 1922 and went extinct in 1989, that made a ton of M1 Carbines during the war.

Their latest model, dubbed the T30, is an ode to the late-war production T3 Carbine. That gun, which later evolved into the very neat M3 Carbine (not to be confused with the .45ACP M3 Grease Gun), was an attempt to make a specialized little popgun which came with a scope base instead of conventional sights and included a cone shaped flash hider.

A rare WWII-era Inland Division of GM made T3 Carbine. Something like 99 percent of these guns were scrapped in the 1950s.

A rare WWII-era Inland Division of GM made T3 Carbine. Something like 99 percent of these guns were scrapped in the 1950s.

Winchester and Inland made about 1,970 of these guns in late 1944 and early 1945 and they were equipped with optics to include a very neat early infrared sniperscope that was used in the Okinawa campaign as well as to a degree in Korea.

Australian soldier takes aim with his M3 Carbine during the Korean war. Note the extensive infrared spotting system

Australian soldier takes aim with his M3 Carbine during the Korean war. Note the extensive infrared spotting system powered by the handy dandy backpack

While most T3s/M3s were scrapped in the 1950s, and a few (usually with the infrared scope) are in museums and pop up from time to time at auction, they are among the most collectable of the more than six million .30 caliber carbines made during the war.

Inland’s repro, the T30, comes complete with a period-correct Redfield-style scope base welded to the receiver like the T3/M3– which will take 1-inch and 30mm Redfield rings– as well as the clamp-on conical flash hider. This is also an improvement over the old T3, as that wartime production gun had the base pinned/brazed on to the receiver– and the option for a new production Hilux M82 sniper scope.

The New Inland T30

The New Inland T30

More in my column at Guns.com

Good old Sinterklaas, then and now

hawker-tempest-mk-v-w2-a-nv700-based-at-b-70-volkel-air-base-near-uden-netherlands-santa-claus-raf-dec-13-1944

Photo by Royal Air Force official photographer Clark N S (P/O) via IWM CL 1729, Colorised by Pink

Santa Claus (Leading Aircraftman Fred Fazan from London) hands out presents to Dutch children at Volkel, 13 December 1944– some 72 years ago today.

This is Hawker Tempest Mk.V W2-A (NV700) based at B.70 Volkel Air Base near Uden, Netherlands.

Members of No. 122 Wing had saved their sweet ration for weeks, and contributed enough money to give the children their first proper Christmas party. It was noted by the photographer that this year Santa was afraid of Messerschmidts, so he decided to come by RAF Tempest.

Also, the more things change…

MERIDIAN, Miss. (Dec. 4, 2016) Santa Claus and an elf get out of a T-45C Goshawk during a visit to Training Air Wing One for a children's Christmas party. (U.S. Navy photo by Cmdr. Damon Slutz/Released) 161204-N-N0101-001

MERIDIAN, Miss. (Dec. 4, 2016) Santa Claus and an elf get out of a T-45C Goshawk during a visit to Training Air Wing One for a children’s Christmas party. (U.S. Navy photo by Cmdr. Damon Slutz/Released) 161204-N-N0101-001

The lost ‘Arm Gun’

Hank Strange visits with the Matt Gwinn-designed “Arm Pistol” an oddball produced by Bushmaster back in the 1980s for an Air Force contract that never got off the ground in the above video.

What was the Arm Pistol?

Well, it started off in the 1960’s with Dale Davis of USAF Armament Laboratory as the Individual Multi-purpose Weapon (GUU-4/P) and was contracted to Colt in 1968 as a 1.5-pound gun with a 13-inch total length, capable of firing out to 100 meters effectively to be used as a aircrew survival weapon. At the time, SAC bomber crews had .38 revolvers and various AR5 rifles (in .22) under their seats, and could use some more firepower if down in Siberia somewhere. The gun, chambered in .221 Fireball (5.56x36mm), became the IMP-221 Individual Multi-purpose Weapon but never really was adopted.

imp-221_1

There were several variants of the Arm Pistol that popped up from the mid-1970s until Bushmaster ended the line in 1988 but the basic concept was a .223 Rem chambered handgun with an 11.75-inch barrel and STANAG magwell but using an AK-47 style piston system. It was the same concept as the IMP-221, but a good bit heavier (2.85 lbs with a full 20-round mag) and a skosh longer (20.63-inches over the flash suppressor).

Offered to the military for use as a lightweight and compact survival piece for aircrew lost behind the lines, the company reportedly closed a deal in 1985 with the USAF for 2,100 guns which was later rescinded, leaving Bushmaster to sell them commercially.

bushmaster-pistol

From the Bushmaster Armpistol Manual:

The Bushmaster weapons system was based on the function and operating principles of the patented IMP aircrew survival weapon designed at the United States Air Force Armament Laboratory at Eglin Air Force Base. Subsequent design changes integrated the battle proven characteristics of the U. S. military M16 and the unexcelled gas system of the Russian military AK-47; thus attaining the simplicity and functionability of the current Bushmaster production.

By consistently and methodically applying these principles, it has been possible to make a high percentage of all individual parts in the various weapons comprising the Bushmaster system identical and thus interchangeable both among our various models and with the Colt M16.

The overall concept of the U. S. M16 and Soviet AK-47 have been in military use for many years and both countries continue to produce these proven designs in large quantities. Along with these concepts, the utilization of all practicable new developments in the field of weapons technology, improved materials and the empl.bymenVs of the most advanced machine tools and special equipment insures that the shooter has at his disposal a weapon of .. sophisticated design and technology.

The weapon was so iconic to Bushmaster’s early line, that the company’s logo for years contained the arm pistol outline:

bushmaster-arm-gun-logo

Hank’s is provided by Walter Keller at Safety Harbor Firearms, who has an early model variant with the charging handle on the top of the receiver. Later models used a side-mounted handle.

Sumter’s Parrotts to see renovation

The Right Face Wall of Fort Sumter contains 11 6.4-inch Parrott Rifles in the first teir casemates. They were moved to the fort in 1873 from the Augusta Arsenal and their provenance is hidden under 150 years of rust and paint (Photo: NPS/Taormina)

The Right Face Wall of Fort Sumter contains 11 6.4-inch Parrott Rifles in the first tier casemates. They were moved to the fort in 1873 from the Augusta Arsenal and their provenance is hidden under 150 years of rust and paint (Photo: NPS/Taormina)

Charleston, South Carolina’s historic Fort Sumter, famous for its role in the Civil War, received an influx of $200,000 to restore 11 vintage Parrott rifles.

The donation came from an individual who wished to keep their name private, in honor of their father, a Citadel graduate.

The guns (officially: Parrott, 6.4-inch, rifle, seacoast, Model 1861), fired 100-pound shells and are something of a mystery to the National Park Service, being shipped from Georgia’s Augusta Arsenal to the fort in December 1873. They are covered in layer upon layer of paint, rusting and pitting– obscuring their foundry numbers which would tell when they were cast and potentially where they saw service during the war between the states.

More in my column at Guns.com 

Maritime Hybrid Warfare Is Coming

An interesting take on the possibility of asymmetric warfare at sea in the future from Adm. James Stavridis in this month’s Proceedings:

stavridis-f0-dec-16

South China Sea, 2019

On a summer’s evening in the sweltering South China Sea, a coastal steamer of nearly 2,000 tons approaches a Vietnamese fishing fleet in the exclusive economic zone of Vietnam, some 150 miles off that nation’s coast. The steamer loiters in the area for an hour or two as night falls. Suddenly from the side of the ship three fast speedboats are deployed, each armed with .50 caliber guns and hand-held rocket launchers. For the next hour, the speedboats attack dozens of fishing craft, spraying them with .50 caliber fire, hitting them with grenades, and shooting at survivors in the water. The surviving fishing boats flee toward the coast, frantically radioing distress calls, which are jammed by small drones operating overhead.

By the time the Vietnamese Coast Guard arrives on scene the next morning, alerted by one of the boats that finally managed to limp into port, there is only blood in the water, mixed with oil and gasoline, and several smoldering hulls. One of the Coast Guard ships strikes a small, crude mine and sustains damage to its hull. On one of the still floating fishing craft, an improvised explosive device goes off when Vietnamese sailors board it searching for clues to the origin of the incident. Vietnamese social networks are flooded with warnings to fishermen that the waters of their traditional fishing grounds are full of terrorists. A series of cyber attacks cripples the Vietnamese offshore radar surveillance system.

China insists its armed forces were not involved and says it suspects gangsters running a protection racket, pirates, or domestic Vietnamese terrorists. Using both social networks and official channels, the Chinese immediately offer to provide protection against further attacks, pointing out that Vietnam appears unable to control its claimed waters and asserting the need to do so itself to safeguard Chinese vessels operating nearby. Similar social network campaigns occur throughout the nations around the western rim of the South China Sea. China uses the opportunity to reassert its claims of sovereignty over the entire South China Sea. Over the next several months, similar attacks occur on a variety of offshore vessels, oil platforms, and natural gas terminals.

Despite protests from a variety of nations around the littoral of the South China Sea, a threat of investigation by the United Nation’s International Maritime Organization, and stern words from the United States, a sense of chaos and instability develops across the most congested shipping channels in the world.

The rest over at USNI’s Proceeding page

The final ride of the Illustrious

Britain’s last “Harrier Carrier” ex-HMS Illustrious (R06), the fifth warship and second flattop to bear the name in the Royal Navy since 1789, had been courted by three different cities in the UK for use as a floating museum ship in the past couple years. Alas, that was not to be.

She was the oldest ship in the Royal Navy’s active fleet when she was paid off 28 August 2014 after 32 years’ service and will not be replaced until HMS Queen Elizabeth is formally commissioned in May 2017.

The only operational aircraft carrier in the British fleet, she lost her fixed wing air arm when the MoD retired the Harrier fleet in 2006 and served as an LPH after that, only operating helicopters. The last of the 1980- era Invincible-class of 20,000-ton harrier-carriers, she was to be kept as a museum ship but that fell through and the Crown sold her to the Turks for £2 million.

“Rusty Lusty” left Portsmouth for the breakers this week following a career spanning 900,000 miles.

hms-illustrious-heads-to-scrappers-dec-2016

Vestal was also there, now anew

At the Pentagon on December 7, 2016, the 75th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor, an old warrior was wheeled in to the auditorium, and honored for the first time since the 1950s.

The 14,000-ton Naval Auxiliary Service collier Vestal was christened in 1908 and later was redisignated a repair ship in the Navy proper becoming USS Vestal (AR-4).

09250408

Vestal deployed “Over There” in 1918, serving in Queenstown, Ireland with the U.S. fleet during World War I then made her way to the Pacific where she was moored at berth F 7, off Ford Island, to provide services to USS Arizona during the battlewagon’s scheduled period of tender upkeep when the Japanese planes came buzzing into the harbor on that infamous Sunday morning.

Hit by two Japanese bombs of her own, Vestal was nearly pulverized by Arizona‘s magazine explosion. Listing, ablaze and heavily damaged, the old repair ship saved herself and her skipper, Commander Cassin Young, later came away with the MOH for his actions.

Her mooring quay is still a place of honor at Pearl to this day.

USS-Vestal-Memorial

Remarkably, Vestal survived and went on to conduct forward repairs in the war zones of the South Pacific, keeping the battleships South Dakota and Washington; carriers Saratoga and Enterprise; cruisers Minneapolis, St. Louis, HMNZS Achilles, HMAS Hobart, San Francisco, and Pensacola among others in the fight and afloat at desperate times when their loss would have been a great blow to the war effort.

Decommissioned and stricken, she was sold to breakers and disappeared in 1950.

In May, her bell was rediscovered in the parsonage of a minister who bought it in Baltimore around 1955.

uss-vestal-bell

The Navy recently reacquired the bell and gave it a well-needed makeover before it’s big day this week.

“Tenacious accretions had accumulated on the bell’s exterior, along with dust, dirt, and environmental pollution,” said David Krop, conservation branch head at NHHC’s Collection Management Facility in Richmond, Virginia. “Additionally, we detected lead paint on the bell’s clapper assembly and old polish residue clinging to the bell’s lettering.”

Using a variety of mechanical and chemical methods, Krop’s team was able to get the bell to a stable and presentable condition after about two weeks, in time for the ceremony.

“As we cleaned and conserved the bell,” said Karl Knauer, a conservator on Krop’s team, “its past reflected back to us through its marred surface. It was truly an honor to work on such an important touchstone to the Navy’s history.”

Vestal, arriving:

161206-N-ES994-001 WASHINGTON (Dec. 6, 2016) Naval History and heritage Command (NHHC) provided the bell from USS Vestal for display during a commemoration for the 75th Anniversary of the Pearl Harbor Attack, hosted by the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV) and held in the Pentagon’s auditorium. the commemoration. Vestal was among the ship’s damaged during the Pearl Harbor attack. (U.S. Navy photo by Chief Petty Officer Elliott Fabrizio/Released)

161206-N-ES994-001 WASHINGTON (Dec. 6, 2016) Naval History and heritage Command (NHHC) provided the bell from USS Vestal for display during a commemoration for the 75th Anniversary of the Pearl Harbor Attack, hosted by the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV) and held in the Pentagon’s auditorium. Vestal was among the ship’s damaged during the Pearl Harbor attack. (U.S. Navy photo by Chief Petty Officer Elliott Fabrizio/Released)

Godspeed, Col. Glenn

149 combat missions in WWII and Korea, splashed  3 MiGs, picked up 6 DFCs and 18 Air Medals. Also did some space stuff.

149 combat missions in WWII and Korea, splashed 3 MiGs, picked up 6 DFCs and 18 Air Medals. Also did some space stuff.

He wasn’t sure whether the flaming debris was the rocket pack or the heat shield breaking up. “Fortunately,” he told an interviewer,“ it was the rocket pack – or I wouldn’t be answering these questions.”

Picking up the pieces after the Infamy

Too often we forget that the biggest part of the battle at Pearl Harbor came after the Japanese were sailing away.

By 0915 on 7 December, Navy divers and salvage teams were hard at work.

Throughout 1942 and part of 1943, Navy divers worked on salvaging destroyers, supply ships, and other badly damaged vessels.

An oil covered US Navy diver after working on one of the sunken ships, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, 7th December 1941.

An oil covered US Navy diver after working on one of the sunken ships, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, 7th December 1941.

The divers faced extraordinary dangers: poisonous gas, unexploded ordnance, as well as the unknown of the destruction that awaited them below. Through the course of the Pearl Harbor effort, Navy divers spent approximately 16,000 hours underwater, during 4,000 dives.

Contract civilian divers contributed another 4,000 diving hours.

In this video, Navy diver, Petty Officer Melissa Nguyen-Alarcon, of Winthrop, Maine, shares how their toughness, accountability, integrity and initiative has influenced her.

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