Here at LSOZI, we take a break every Wednesday to explore the old steam/diesel navies of the 1833-1954 period, profiling a different ship each week. These ships have a life, a tale all their own, which sometimes takes them to the strangest places.- Christopher Eger
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Warship Wednesday 5 November 2025: Celebrate the Ram!
IWM (FL 22661)
Above we see the modified former Brazilian J-class (RN Havant-class) escort destroyer HMS Harvester (H 19) underway during World War II in coastal waters, complete with Western Approaches style disruptive camouflage scheme. True to her name, she was a harvester of men in peril, saving nearly 2,300 men directly from the beaches of Northwestern France and another 244 adrift the sea.
She was also a harvester of steel sharks.
Over the course of no less than 51 North Atlantic convoy runs, she bagged at least two Axis submarines, one of them notably some 85 years ago this week.
The Brazilian Hs
The British Royal Navy would order some 27 assorted “G”, “H” and “I” Class destroyers between 1934 and 1936 as part of the rearmament to safeguard against the growing German, Italian, and Japanese fleets in the uneasy peace leading up to WWII. They were slight ships, of just 1,800 tons and 323 feet overall length with a narrow 33-foot beam, giving them a dagger-like 1:10 length-to-beam ratio. With a speed of 35 knots and a 5,000 nm range at half that, they could keep up with the fleet or operate independently and had long enough legs for North Atlantic convoy work, should such a thing ever be needed in the future.
The differences between the three classes were primarily in engineering fit, minor superstructure changes, and armament. They were typically fitted with a quartet of QF 4.7-inch (120 mm) Mk IX guns, a few AAA mounts, between 8 and 10 anti-ship torpedo tubes, and depth charges for ASW work.
HMS Grenade (H86), a G-class destroyer. Note her layout, which was like all her sisters. Grenade would be sunk in May 1940 off Dunkirk by German Stukas.
The 27th and last of the type delivered to the RN from the ships the Admiralty ordered was HMS Ivanhoe (D16) on 24 August 1937, completing the classes built out in just four years, which is not bad for peacetime production.
The G/H/Is would prove so successful of a design that the British exported it, accepting prewar orders for 19 ships for overseas allies: Argentina (seven Buenos Aires class ships delivered in 1938), Greece (two Georgios class delivered in 1939), Turkey (four desperately needed Inconstant class delivered in 1942, largely to keep Istanbul friendly at a crucial time in the war) and a half-dozen Jurua-class tin cans for the Brazilian Navy.
The Brazilian Navy in early 1938 ordered six modified H-class destroyers, spread across the Vickers, White, and Thornycroft yards. They would be named Jurua, Javary, Jutahy, Juruena, Jaguaribe, and Japura after rivers and towns in Brazil. Construction proceeded along nicely, and all were christened with their intended names by visiting dignitaries from the Latin American country and afloat in the summer of 1939.
Then, with the war in Europe, London made a deal to purchase the six nearly complete Juruas from Rio while they were still fitting out in a deal that would include providing assistance and plans for Brazil to build another six H-class destroyers domestically at the government’s Ilha das Cobras shipyard.
Rather than a fit for four 4.7-inch guns, these six former Brazilian destroyers in British service would carry only three, with the extra deck space freed up to be used for more depth charges– capable of toting as many as 110 ash cans across three rails and eight throwers.
They would enter service between December 1939 and June 1940 as the Havant class (Havant, Handy/Harvester, Havelock, Hearty/Hesperus, Highlander, and Hurricane), keeping with the “H” class naming sequence.
Hesperus is underway at sea, resplendent in her war paint. IWM A 7101
Meet Harvester (aka Handy, aka Jurua)
Ordered from Vickers by the Brazilian government on 6 December 1937 as the future destroyer Jurua, our subject was laid down at the company’s Barrow yard on 3 June 1938 alongside her sister, the planned future Japura. Jurua and Japura were purchased by the British government on 5 September 1939 while still on the builder’s ways and were launched into the water of the Irish Sea 24 days later to complete fitting out for Royal Navy service.
Our Jurua would initially be referred to as the future HMS Handy, while Japura would become HMS Hurricane.
One thing led to another, and Jurua/Handy would be commissioned on 23 May 1940, at the height of the Battle for France, as HMS Harvester, while Hurricane would only break out the white duster and join the fleet on 21 June 1940, well into the Fall of France.
Harvester leaving Barrow, June 1940
Speaking of which…
Dunkirk, et al
Without even the benefit of a proper shakedown cruise, the brand new Harvester, under LCDR Mark Thornton, RN, who had previously commanded the older S-class destroyer HMS Scimitar (H 21) on convoy defense, was rushed to the English Channel to help pull the BEF and Allied soldiers from France.
Harvester took part not only in the famous Operation Dynamo, doing her part with so many others to evacuate 338,226 Allied troops from the beaches and surf line of Dunkirk, but also in the lesser-known Operations Cycle (evacuation of 3,400 Allied troops from Le Havre) and Aerial (191,870 from a range of French Atlantic ports in late June).
She did this in the face of fierce German air and submarine attack, with her sister HMS Havant crippled by Luftwaffe aircraft during the Dunkirk operation, and was scuttled to prevent capture.
One of the former Brazilian RN H-class destroyers at Dover during the Dunkirk evacuation, crowded with Tommies on her deck. This ship is either HMS Harvester or Havant, both of which were active in Dynamo, the latter lost in the process. IWM H1668
The details of Harvester’s evac runs:
- 29 May, Dunkirk (Op Dynamo), 272 men saved
- 31 May, Dunkirk (Op Dynamo), 1,341 men saved (two round trips)
- 9 June, Le Harve (Op Cycle), no troops found
- 11 June, Saint-Valery-en-Caux (Op Aerial), 78 men saved
She also escorted transports during Aerial, who were evacuating Saint-Nazaire and St. Jean de Luz further down the coastline, and rode shotgun with the cruiser HMS Cumberland on a mission to bombard German positions on the occupied French coast.
It was reported that Harvester suffered at least one strafing from German aircraft and successfully evaded at least two torpedoes. LCDR Thornton, who had cut his teeth as a mid in the 1920s on the Jutland veteran battlewagon HMS Emperor of India, was mentioned in dispatches for his efforts.
The U-boat war
Harvester’s first of many convoy runs was to sanitize the area south of Ireland to clear the way for Halifax-to-Liverpool-bound Convoy HX 054, along with the destroyers HMS Highlander (a sister) and Punjabi on 16 June.
Her next run began on 29 June 1940 at Liverpool, riding shotgun with the inaugural “Winston Special,” Convoy WS.1, which carried some 10,000 British troops aboard the fast liners turned troopships Queen Mary, Mauretania, and Aquitania, to the Middle East. She also made the follow-on WS.2 and WS. 3A.
Then came ASW clearing for outbound Liverpool to Halifax return Convoys OB 194 and OB 199 in August, Liverpool to Gibraltar Convoy OG.43, Liverpool to Suez Convoy AP.3/1, and Freetown to Liverpool SL/MKS.47 in September; escorting inbound Sydney to Liverpool SC.8 in October, and screening OB.252 in November. It was on the latter that Harvester and the Canadian destroyer HMCS Ottawa came across the Italian Marcello class submarine Comandante Faà di Bruno (FB, I.5) on the afternoon of 6 November and likely sank the same, with all hands.
LCDR Thornton received a DSO on 12 January 1941 for the destruction of the enemy submarine and would remain aboard until March 1942, when he shipped out for command of the destroyer HMS Petard. Thornton was replaced by CDR Harold Pitcairn Henderson, RN, and CDR Arthur Andre Tait, DSO, RN, in turn. Of note, Tait had earned his DSO in 1942 while skipper of HMS Hesperus for sinking German U-boat U-93.
As for Harvester, the convoy runs continued, including five further OB runs, another OG run, at least seven outbound Liverpool to NYC/Boston ON convoys, four more SCs, two additional SL/MKS convoys, four Halifax to Clyde TC convoys, and seven more HXs.
She even had a brush with history, escorting HMS Prince of Wales along with sisters Havelock and Hesperus in August 1941 during the battleship’s passage to Newfoundland with Winston Churchill aboard for the Atlantic Charter meeting.
Besides dropping ash cans on contacts, she also saved the lives of those cast to the mercy of the sea. This included 90 survivors from the lost armed merchant cruiser HMS Dunvegan Castle during SL-43, 19 survivors from the British freighter Silverpine on OB.252, and 131 survivors from the ocean boarding vessel HMS Crispin on OB-280.
It was hard, dirty, and unsung work.
The famed American photojournalist Robert Capa, while crossing the Atlantic to North Africa with an eastbound convoy in 1941, caught two striking Kodachrome images of Harvester zipping among her charges, a seagoing greyhound stalking Axis sharks.
On 11 March 1943, while escorting convoy HX-228 west of Ireland, Harvester with LCDR Taite in command and the Free French Flower-class corvette Aconit in support, came across the Type VIIC boat U-444 (Oblt. Albert Langfeld) of Wolfpack Westmark and gave the new boat a hard fight.
In the end, after forcing U-444 to the surface, Taite chose to ram the German at 27 knots and send her back down, leaving 41 dead and 4 survivors to be plucked from the water.
Tragically, with the now-damaged Harvester dead in the water with a snapped shaft, she was twice torpedoed and sunk by U-432 (Kptlt. Hermann Eckhardt), which was in turn brought to the surface by Aconit’s depth charges and finally destroyed by gunfire and ramming. The Admiralty later passed on an order to halt ramming as a tactic after this incident.
The damaged Aconit then picked up five survivors from U-444, 12 from U-432, 12 survivors from the lost American Liberty ship SS William C. Gorgas, and 60 men from Harvester. Among those claimed by the sea were all three skippers from the lost warships, Taite, Eckhardt, and Langfeld.
Three days later, Aconti sailed into Greenock and discharged her motley accumulation of waterlogged sailors from three countries.
“Fighting French corvette sinks two U-boats. 14 March 1943, Greenock, the Fighting French corvette Aconit sank two U-boats by gunfire and ramming while escorting an Atlantic convoy through a U-boat pack on 10 March 1943. The second submarine had just torpedoed the British destroyer HMS Harvester. The Aconit steamed to a British port with survivors from the Harvester and a merchantman, and prisoners from the two U-boats.” IWM (A 15075)
“Survivors of the British Destroyer HMS Harvester fraternizing with the crew of FFS Aconit after the French corvette had avenged them by sinking two U-boats. The survivors are wearing the Aconit’s badge, and the cat is one of the Aconit’s three mascots – two cats and a dog.” IWM (A 15084)
Epilogue
Little remains of Harvester. I cannot even find where her wreck has been located. She no doubt rests very near the shattered U-432 and U-444.
She is best remembered in scale models and box art.
As for her first skipper, Mark Thornton chalked up assists on two additional submarine kill assists while in command of Petard, picking up a DSC, and was on the Combined Operations staff for Overlord. He then returned to destroyer operations post-war and retired as a full commander in 1956. He passed in London in 1982, aged 75.
Only three of the Brazilian destroyers survived the war, sisters Havelock, Hesperus, and Highlander, and were scrapped by 1947.
While the British have not reused the name Harvester, three French warships have since been named Aconit, including the modern La Fayette-class stealth frigate Aconit (F 713). The fourth Aconit flies the Free French jack, and its crew wears twin fouragères as a salute to the old corvette.
Mardi 04 janvier 2022, le capitaine de vaisseau Guillaume Fontarensky, adjoint organique de l’amiral commandant la force d’action navale (ALFAN) de Toulon, fait reconnaître le capitaine de frégate Jean-Bertrand Guyon comme nouveau commandant de la frégate de type Lafayette (FLF) Aconit.
Meminisse est ad Vivificandum – To Remember is to Keep Alive
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